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. 2015 Jan 17;9:537–560. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S73689

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© 2015 Wang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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PLB induces autophagic cell death in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells determined by confocal microscopy.

Notes: Cells were treated with PLB at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 μM for 24 hours or treated with 5 μM PLB for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell samples were then subjected to confocal microscopic examination. (A) Confocal microscopic images showing autophagy in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells treated with PLB at 0.1, 1, and 5 μM for 24 hours; (B) Bar graphs showing the percentage of autophagic PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells treated with PLB at 0.1, 1, and 5 μM for 24 hours; (C) Confocal microscopic images showing autophagy in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells treated with 5 μM PLB over 72 hours; (D) Bar graphs showing the percentage of autophagic PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Data represent the mean ± SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA.

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; Conc, concentration; PLB, plumbagin; SD, standard deviation.