Figure 10. Representative lipase enzymes involved in amide bond synthesis.
(A) Aminolysis of the methyl ester of acetoacetate using allyl- and benzyl-amines and hydroxylamine acceptors resulting in high product yields. (B) CalB-catalyzed transformation of triolein (olive oil) to its corresponding oleamide via ammonialysis, i.e., direct utilization of ammonia as the nucleophile. (C) The synthesis of lactams by intramolecular aminolysis with amino-alkanoic esters. (D) The synthesis of macrocyclic bislactams by inter/intramolecular aminolysis of diamines and diesters. (E) Lipase-mediated transamidation reaction with a highly activated N-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-2-chloropropionamide donor. (F) Amidation of oleic acid using taurine as the acyl acceptor.