. 2015 Jan 20;14:8. doi: 10.1186/s12939-015-0134-6

Table 3.

Association between factors and CHE in elderly households with chronic disease patients (at a non-food expenditure threshold of 40%)

		Incidence of CHE				Intensity of CHE
		Rural areas		Urban areas		Rural areas		Urban areas
		Coefficient	S.D.	Coefficient	S.D.	Coefficient	S.D.	Coefficient	S.D.
Marital status		0.1887	0.1638	0.2316	0.1747	−0.0004	0.0060	0.0188	0.0106
Household size		−0.3182^**	0.0487	−0.4802^**	0.0948	−0.0649^**	0.0055	−0.0300^**	0.0080
Receipt of economic assistance		0.0809	0.0462	−0.0718	0.1480	0.0075	0.0043	−0.0001	0.0116
Provision of economic assistance		0.1794^**	0.0505	0.1081	0.1355	0.0190^**	0.0047	0.0089	0.0091
Providing care		−0.0273	0.0485	−0.0024	0.0959	−0.0051	0.0043	−0.0054	0.0080
Household members > 65 years		0.1345^**	0.0497	0.2252	0.1540	0.0126^*	0.0052	0.0112	0.0096
Household members with ≥ 2 chronic diseases		0.3871^**	0.0450	0.6050^**	0.1255	0.0287^**	0.0041	0.0339^**	0.0074
Per capita income		−0.0153^**	0.0038	−0.0366^**	0.0131	−0.0057^**	0.0014	−0.0070	0.0040
Healthcare insurance		0.2651	0.1557	−0.3086	0.2189	0.0069	0.0101	−0.0123	0.0110
Outpatient service	Health care post or village clinic	0.1927^**	0.0667	−0.5182	0.3017	0.0194^**	0.0070	−0.0295^*	0.0127
	First-level hospital	0.3235^**	0.0878	0.2535	0.2891	0.0234^*	0.0098	0.0219	0.0377
	Second-level hospital and above	0.3537^**	0.0905	0.1730	0.1577	0.0410^**	0.0106	0.0174	0.0131
Inpatient service	First-level hospital	0.4539^**	0.1083	−0.1315	0.6303	0.0676^**	0.0163	0.0205	0.0419
Inpatient service	Second-level hospital and above	0.7031^**	0.0937	0.9663^**	0.2808	0.0931^**	0.0118	0.0725^**	0.0207
Constant		−0.1555	0.1434	−0.1850	0.4640	0.1337^**	0.0158	0.0871^*	0.0435

Note: **implies significance at 0.01; *indicates significance at 0.05.