Table 3. Difference in scores of health related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in jSLE according to presence of obesity^Ŧ.

Health Related Quality of Life Measures	jSLE			Historical controls without jSLE
	A	B	P-value (A vs.B)*	C	P-value (A vs. C) **	D	P-value (A vs.D)***
	Obese (N=51)	Non - obese (N=151)		Non-obese (N=9,565)¶		Obese¶¶ (N=63)
Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire
Generic Core Scale: Parent-Report	69.2 ± 2.8	81.7 ± 2.3	<0.0001	82.7 ± 0.2	<0.0001	75.0 ± 1.8	NSŦŦ
Physical Functioning	66.6 ± 3.9	81.6 ± 3.1	0.0004	84.5 ± 0.2	<0.0001	76.3 ± 2.2	0.025
Emotional Functioning	70.6 ± 3.2	80.4 ± 2.6	0.032	81.3 ± 0.2	<0.0001	72.6 ± 2.2	NS
Social Functioning	77.2 ± 3.2	87.7 ± 2.6	NS	83.7 ± 0.2	0.018	73.5 ± 2.2	NS
School Functioning	64.3 ± 3.3	77.4 ± 2.7	0.0003	78.8 ± 0.2	<0.0001	76.6 ± 2.1	0.002
Generic Core Scale: Self-report	74.0 ± 2.6	81.4 ± 2.2	0.003	83.8 ± 0.2	0.0004	74.0 ± 1.8	NS
Physical Functioning	68.6 ± 3.5	80.9 ± 3.0	0.0003	87.5 ± 0.2	<0.0001	77.5 ± 2.3	0.030
Emotional Functioning	75.8 ± 3.1	82.3 ± 2.7	0.016	79.3 ± 0.2	NS	68.6 ± 2.3	NS
Social Functioning	81.7 ± 2.5	89.0 ± 2.2	0.047	85.2 ± 0.2	NS	72.6 ± 2.3	0.009
School Functioning	71.6 ± 3.1	74.6 ± 2.7	NS	81.1 ± 0.2	0.0005	75.0 ± 1.8	NS
Rheumatology Module: Parent-report	79.5 ± 2.1	85.6 ± 1.7	0.007	ND ŦŦŦ
Pain and Hurt	65.2 ± 4.1	77.5 ± 3.3	0.005
Daily Activities	92.0 ± 2.4	94.0 ± 1.9	NS
Treatment	82.0 ± 2.2	85.9 ± 1.8	NS
Worry	70.3 ± 3.6	80.0 ± 2.9	0.013
Communication	81.1 ± 3.0	84.0 ± 2.5	NS
Rheumatology Module: Self-report	74.9 ± 2.1	79.1 ± 1.8	0.043
Pain and Hurt	65.6 ± 3.9	80.7 ± 3.3	<0.0001
Daily Activities	92.2 ± 2.0	95.9 ± 1.7	NS
Treatment	85.7 ± 2.2	89.4 ± 1.9	NS
Worry	65.6 ± 3.7	69.9 ± 3.2	NS
Communication	78.7 ± 3.2	80.6 ± 2.8	NS
Childhood Health Questionnaire				ND
Global Health	47.8 ± 3.2	54.4 ± 2.6	0.038
Global Behavior	74.3 ± 3.0	78.6 ± 2.7	NS
Physical Function Score	33.1 ± 1.8	37.8 ± 1.6	0.006
Psychosocial Function Score	44.3 ± 1.4	45.0 ± 0.9	NS
Physical Functioning	64.5 ± 3.9	75.7 ± 3.3	0.002
Role/Social Limitations-Emotional/Behavioral	72.5 ± 3.4	79.3 ± 3.1	0.039
Role/Social Limitations-Physical	70.4 ± 4.3	76.2 ± 3.9	NS
Bodily Pain	56.5 ± 4.2	56.5 ± 3.7	NS
Behavior	76.8 ± 2.4	79.9 ± 2.1	NS
Generic Health Perceptions	42.1 ± 2.2	46.4 ± 1.9	0.036
Mental Health	73.3 ± 2.2	76.6 ± 2.0	NS
Self Esteem	51.1 ± 4.4	47.6 ± 3.9	NS
Parent Impact-Emotional	56.6 ± 3.8	53.1 ± 3.5	NS
Parent Impact-Time	66.1 ± 3.8	75.8 ± 3.3	0.007
Family Activities	68.4 ± 2.9	73.8 ± 2.6	0.050
Family Cohesion	67.9 ± 3.4	74.9 ± 3.0	0.029

Legend:

^ŦValues are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); for details, please refer to Table 1

^*P-value from adjusted mixed effects models with summary and domain scores of HRQOL measures as dependent variable and presence of obesity (yes/no) as independent variable. Models adjusted for ‘at least moderate disease activity’ (SELENA-SLEDAI scores ≤ 4 or not), ‘current low daily prednisone dose’ (< 0.2 mg/kg/day and < 5 mg/day or not), race (African American or not), gender, and ‘more than minimal disease damage’ (total SLICC-DI scores=0 or not)

^**P-value from 2-sided t-test comparing HRQOL scores from A (obese jSLE) vs. C (healthy controls)

^***P-value from 2-sided t-test comparing HRQOLscores from A (obese jSLE) vs. D (obese non-jSLE)

^¶Historical controls. For PedsQL-Generic Module: healthy pediatric patients with no chronic illness (N=9,565) (9)

^¶¶Historical controls. Obese pediatric patients without rheumatologic disease (N=63) (9)

^ŦŦNS- not significant

^ŦŦŦND- comparison data are not available