Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Baseline Characteristics | Intervention N = 16 |
Contemporary control N = 38 |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 25.1 (4.2) | 27.4 (4.9) | 0.10 |
| Age category, % | 0.23 | ||
| 20.0–24.9 years | 56.3 | 36.8 | |
| 25.0–40.0 years | 43.7 | 63.2 | |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.6 (3.5) | 29.8 (3.1) | 0.59 |
| Prepregnancy BMI category, % | 0.12 | ||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 81.3 | 57.9 | |
| Obese (30.0–40.0 kg/m2) | 18.7 | 42.1 | |
| Education, % | 0.07 | ||
| ≤ high school | 43.7 | 71.1 | |
| Some college or higher | 56.3 | 28.9 | |
| Marital status, % | 0.51 | ||
| Married | 18.7 | 31.6 | |
| Never married/not married | 81.3 | 68.4 | |
| Employment during pregnancy, % | 0.71 | ||
| Yes | 56.3 | 55.3 | |
| No | 43.7 | 36.8 | |
| Missing | 0 | 7.9 |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, SD = standard deviation.
*
P-values were based on 2-sided Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and independent sample t-tests for continuous variables.