Table 2.
Results from the multilevel logistic regression analysis on the 512,061 individuals included in the study with diabetes mellitus as outcome and results from the conditional logistic regression on all sibling pairs. Numbers are odds ratios and 95 % CI.
| Model Aa | Model Ba | Model Ca,d | Sibling Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walkability decile (walkability value) | ||||
| 1 (−3.44) (lowest) | 1.30 (1.06; 1.60) | 1.33 (1.13; 1.55) | 1.16 (1.00; 1.34) | 0.93 (0.67; 1.30) |
| 2 (−2.57) | 1.25 (0.98; 1.54) | 1.16 (1.00; 1.35) | 1.09 (0.96; 1.25) | 0.75 (0.56; 1.02) |
| 3 (−2.04) | 1.30 (1.02; 1.63) | 1.14 (0.98; 1.26) | 1.11 (0.96; 1.29) | 1.00 (0.74; 1.30) |
| 4 (−1.42) | 1.25 (0.98; 1.55) | 1.08 (0.92; 1.26) | 1.04 (0.90; 1.20) | 0.89 (0.65; 1.22) |
| 5 (−0.83) | 1.51 (1.24; 1.85) | 1.18 (1.03; 1.35) | 1.07 (0.94; 1.20) | 1.01 (0.76; 1.34) |
| 6 (−0.14) | 1.36 (1.09; 1.64) | 1.15 (1.00; 1.34) | 1.12 (0.98; 1.27) | 0.85 (0.64; 1.13) |
| 7 (0.78) | 1.32 (1.04; 1.63) | 1.14 (0.99; 1.33) | 1.08 (0.95; 1.22) | 1.39 (1.05; 1.83) |
| 8 (1.92) | 1.15 (0.93; 1.45) | 1.13 (0.97; 1.31) | 1.13 (0.99; 1.29) | 1.04 (0.79; 1.37) |
| 9 (3.27) | 0.97 (0.78; 1.21) | 1.01 (0.87; 1.16) | 0.97 (0.85; 1.11) | 0.82 (0.62; 1.08) |
| 10 (5.27) (highest) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| p-valueb | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.177 | |
| Neighborhood Deprivation Index | 1.18 (1.15; 1.20) | 1.21 (1.19; 1.23) | ||
| Men vs women | 1.63 (1.55; 1.72) | |||
| Low Income | 1.12 (1.04; 1.21) | |||
| Mid-Low Income | 1.11 (1.03; 1.20) | |||
| Mid-High Income | 1.09 (1.01; 1.17) | |||
| High Income | Reference | |||
| p-valuec | 0.077 | |||
| Low Education | 1.04 (0.97; 1.12) | |||
| Middle Education | 1.44 (1.36; 1.55) | |||
| High Education | Reference | |||
| Birth Year (cen) | 0.96 (0.96; 0.96) |
Model A includes neighborhood walkability, Model B includes + neighborhood deprivation, and Model C includes + neighborhood deprivation, gender, income, education and birth year.
P-values for trends of the overall association between neighborhood walkability and diabetes mellitus in Models A, B and C.
P-value for trend of the overall association between income and diabetes mellitus.
The DIC value for model C equals 66196.82 while a model that includes the random part, the individual characteristics and the neighborhood deprivation index have a DIC value of 66443.22.