Table 1.

Factors associated with reporting a history of gang involvement among male and female street-involved youth.

	Males (N = 290)		Females (N = 145)
Characteristic	Prevalence Ratio* (95% CI)	P - value	Prevalence Ratio* (95% CI)	P - value
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Age (per year older)	0.99 (0.92 – 1.06)	0.687	0.91 (0.80 – 1.04)	0.173
Ethnicity (Aboriginal ancestry vs. other)	1.63 (1.09 – 2.44)	0.017	1.88 (0.84 – 4.21)	0.126
Homeless‡ (yes vs. no)	2.34 (0.91 – 6.01)	0.077	1.37 (0.34 – 5.43)	0.656
Early Life Traumatic Events
History of being in government care‡¶(yes vs. no)	2.03 (1.32 – 3.12)	0.001	1.16 (0.50 – 2.68)	0.729
Dropped out of school‡ (yes vs. no)	0.86 (0.57 – 1.31)	0.483	1.01 (0.39 – 2.58)	0.985
Childhood sexual abuse‡ (yes vs. no)	1.24 (0.78 – 1.97)	0.357	3.08 (1.15 – 8.27)	0.026
Childhood physical abuse‡ (yes vs. no)	1.13 (0.74 – 1.72)	0.561	1.64 (0.66 – 4.04)	0.283
Proximal Correlates
Drug Dealing† (yes vs. no)	2.52 (1.66 – 3.85)	<0.001	1.64 (0.73 – 3.72)	0.234
Incarceration† (yes vs. no)	1.90 (1.29 – 2.80)	0.001	1.67 (0.46 – 6.09)	0.440
Experienced Physical Violence† (yes vs. no)	1.40 (0.95 – 2.07)	0.089	2.51 (1.13 – 5.58)	0.024
Perpetrated Physical Violence† (yes vs. no)	2.40 (1.64 – 3.52)	<0.001	1.81 (0.79 – 4.16)	0.162
Experienced Sexual Assault† (yes vs. no)	§	§	1.75 (0.48 – 6.43)	0.398

^*Prevalence ratios computed from log-binomial models.

^†Refers to activities in the past 6 months.

^‡Refers to lifetime experiences.

^¶Includes foster home, orphanage, or ward of the state.

^§No males reported experiencing sexual assault in the past six months.