Table 1.
Task | Measure | Male control | Female control | Male PNS | Female PNS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spatial | Swim time (s) | 13.5 ± 5.2 | 11.7 ± 6.6 | 28.1 ± 6.3*,+ | 20.0 ± 5.0+ |
Swim distance (cm) | 188.2 ± 53.9 | 153.6 ± 68.8 | 228.2 ± 64.8 | 327.1 ± 52.0 | |
Swim speed (cm/s) | 13.1 ± 1.0 | 13.0 ± 1.3 | 11.9 ± 1.2*,+,# | 13.8 ± 1.0 | |
Platform crossings | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | |
Cued | Swim time (s) | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.2 |
Swim distance (cm) | 61.5 ± 5.1 | 56.4 ± 6.5 | 85.3 ± 6.1*,+ | 76.7 ± 4.9*,+ | |
Swim speed (cm/s) | 16.6 ± 0.8 | 14.6 ± 1.0* | 17.8 ± 1.0+ | 19.0 ± 0.8*,+ |
Note: Groups consisted of male control (n = 13), female control (n = 8), male prenatal stress (n = 9), and female prenatal stress (PNS, n = 14). Values represent the group mean ± SEM for 5 days of spatial testing.
Indicates a significant difference from male control.
Indicates a significant difference from female control.
Indicates a significant difference from female prenatal stress (p < 0.05).