Samples used were from four different studies: [1] age-matched control sheep fed a normal diet (control); [2] sheep fed a metabolic acidosis (MA) diet for six months followed by the MA diet and twelve months of MA diet and treated by vehicle (MA1), raloxifene (RAL) or alendronate (ALN); [3] sheep fed an MA diet for eight months followed by six months of the MA diet combined with vehicle (MA2) or zoledronate (ZOL); [4] sheep subjected to ovariectomy and fed an MA diet for a year, followed by a year of the MA diet and vehicle (MA3 + OVX) or parathyroid hormone (PTH). Control, MA1, RAL and ALN were euthanized after 12 months, MA2 and ZOL at 14 months and MA3 + OVX and PTH at 24 months.