Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics on Sample
| ADHD n=302 |
Control n=199 |
Total N=5481 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Boys n(%) | 204(67.5) | 96(48.2) | 321(58.6)** |
| Ethnic Minority n(%) | 78(25.8) | 54(27.1) | 144(26.3) |
| American Indian | 1(0.3) | 2(1.0) | 3(0.5) |
| Asian | 1(0.3) | 2(1.0) | 3(0.5) |
| African American | 1(0.3) | 25(12.6) | 55(10.0) |
| Caucasian | 196(64.9) | 139(69.8) | 366(66.8) |
| Latino | 18(6.0) | 11(5.5) | 30(5.5) |
| Other | 33(10.9) | 14(7.0) | 53(9.7) |
| Age | 11.32(2.93) | 12.5(3.24) | 11.67(3.06)** |
| Family Income (thousands $) | 62.64(67) | 75.24(51) | 66.69(59)* |
| ODD n(%) | 118(39.1) | 26(13.1) | 161(29.4)** |
| Inconsistent Parenting | 14.47(3.27) | 12.55(4.35) | 13.74(3.82)** |
| Marital Conflict Self-Blame | 12.93(3.7) | 10.44(2.41) | 11.90(3.41)** |
| DRD4 Risk (%) | 199(65.9) | 120(60.3) | 347(63.3) |
| DRD4 No Risk (%) | 103 (34.1) | 79 (39.7) | 201 (36.7) |
*
p<0.05.
**
p<0.01, via t-tests or chi-squares.
1
=Forty-seven children were identified as having situational ADHD or were screened out of the study at a later point in time, but were included in study analyses because they had data on ADHD symptom dimensions, parenting, marital conflict and comorbid psychopathology.
DRD4 Risk reflected those children that were homozygous for the long allele of the DRD4 promoter polymorphism