Table 1.

List of Prox1-dependent phenotypes and molecular pathways implicated in adult and embryonic neural fate specification (see also Figure 1).

Nervous tissue	Prox1 Role/Regulation	Organism	References
Dentate Gyrus (DG) (embryonic & adult hippocampus)	Maturation of granule neurons; NSC proliferation and maintenance; survival of intermediate progenitors (IPs)	Mouse	Lavado and Oliver (2007), Lavado et al. (2010), Karalay and Jessberger (2011), Karalay et al. (2011)
Adult Dentate Gyrus	Canonical Wnt signaling directly regulates Prox1 expression; Prox1 induces neuronal differentiation	Mouse	Karalay and Jessberger (2011), Karalay et al. (2011)
Postnatal & Adult Hippocampus	Postmitotic specification of DG granule cell identity over CA3 pyramidal cell fate	Mouse	Iwano et al. (2012)
Adult Hippocampus	miR-181α overexpression mimics reduced Prox1 levels and increased Notch1 levels; induction of astrocytic differentiation	Mouse	Xu et al. (2014)
Adult Hippocampus	Robust promotion of DG cell replacement (transplantation studies)	Rat	Chen et al. (2011)
Embryonic Spinal Cord	Regulation of Notch1-Mediated Inhibition of Neurogenesis; induction of neurogenesis; inhibition of astrogliogenesis and self-renewal of NSCs	Mouse Chicken	Kaltezioti et al. (2010)
Embryonic Spinal Cord	Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1/NR5A2) facilitates the Prox1-mediated inhibition of Notch1 signaling	Mouse Chicken	Kaltezioti et al. (2010), Stergiopoulos and Politis (2013)
Embryonic Spinal Cord	Regulation of binary fate decisions between motor neurons and V2 interneurons via direct repression of Olig2 gene expression	Mouse Chicken	Kaltezioti et al. (2014)
Embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS)	Mash1 and Ngn2 induce Prox1 expression; reduced Prox1 levels in Mash1−/– mice	Mouse Chicken	Misra et al. (2008), Torii et al. (1999)
Embryonic Subventricular Zone (SVZ)	Sox1 maintains the pool of cortical progenitors by suppressing Prox1-induced neurogenesis	Mouse	Elkouris et al. (2011)
Embryonic Cortex	Staufen2 (Stau2)-dependent RNA complex represses Prox1 mRNA; reduced neurogenesis	Mouse	Vessey et al. (2012)
Nervous System- related Cancers	Tumor suppressor gene by regulating Cyclins, p27-Kip1 and Cdc25A; induction of cell cycle arrest	Mouse Human	Foskolou et al. (2013)
Drosophila Nervous System (prospero)	Inhibition of the genetic program for NSC self-renewal & cell cycle progression; Prox1−/– neuroblasts form tumors (embryonic nervous system); Activation of genes necessary for terminal neuronal differentiation	Drosophila melanogaster	Li and Vaessin (2000), Choksi et al. (2006), Southall and Brand (2009)