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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 26.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2014 Apr 24;82(4):797–808. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.008

Table 1.

Cell type-specific techniques for silencing axon projections

Tool Timescale Mechanism Limitations
NpHR/Arch Millisecond to minutes Inhibits action potential -Axons-of-passage also silenced
PSAM-GlyR Minutes to 1 hour Inhibits action potential - Axons-of-passage also silenced
-Intracranial microinjection
MIST Minutes to hours Inhibits transmitter release -Requires high expression level
-Intracranial microinjection
InSynC Minutes to 1 day Inhibits transmitter release -Increases spontaneous
neurotransmitter release
hM4Dnrxn Minutes to hours Inhibits transmitter release -Intracranial microinjection