Table A-4b.
IV Regression models demonstrating estimates of treatment effect (decreased mortality) of trauma center care vs. non-trauma center care including rural, transfer and both populations. We include also the estimates of age and payer status on treatment effect.
All models have been adjusted for demographic and clinical variables as delineated in the text including: age, sex, race/ethnicity, median household income, payer status, injury severity (TMPM) and mechanism, and year.
| Population of seriously injured children including rural population (n=80,795) | Population of seriously injured children including transfer population (n=80,219) | Population of seriously injured children including rural and transfer population (n=86,934) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Est.* | (p) | CI | Est. | (p) | CI | Est. | (p) | CI | |
|
| |||||||||
| TC mortality effect | −0.71 | 0.053 | −1.22 to 0.03 | −0.98 | 0.012 | −1.78 to −0.22 | −0.95 | 0.012 | −1.70 to −.21 |
|
| |||||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 0–1 | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| 1–4 | 1.28 | 0.001 | 0.54 to 2.02 | 1.13 | 0.002 | 0.41 to 1.84 | 1.12 | 0.002 | 0.43 to 1.81 |
| 5–9 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.08 to 1.59 | 0.56 | 0.13 | −0.17 to 1.30 | 0.51 | 0.16 | −0.20 to 1.22 |
| 10–14 | 0.29 | 0.44 | −0.44 to 1.02 | −0.04 | 0.91 | −0.76 to 0.68 | −0.05 | 0.88 | −0.75 to 0.64 |
| 15–19 | 0.27 | 0.45 | −0.44 to 0.98 | 0.01 | 0.98 | −0.70 to 0.68 | −0.1 | 0.77 | −0.77 to 0.57 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| Female | −0.09 | 0.55 | −0.39 to 0.21 | −0.06 | 0.69 | −0.36 to 0.24 | −0.08 | 0.58 | −0.37 to 0.21 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White non Hispanic | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| Black non Hispanic | 0.36 | 0.14 | −0.11 to 0.84 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.22 to 1.39 | 0.35 | 0.14 | −0.11 to 0.81 |
| Hispanic | 0.07 | 0.69 | −0.26 to 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.62 | −0.24 to 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.60 | −0.26 to 0.37 |
| Asian | 0.94 | 0.002 | 0.35 to 1.52 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 0.24 to 1.26 | 0.86 | 0.001 | 0.29 to 1.43 |
| Native | −0.01 | 0.99 | −2.50 to 2.48 | 0.46 | 0.73 | −2.18 to 3.11 | 0.21 | 0.94 | −2.18 to 2.60 |
| Other | 0.61 | 0.11 | −0.13 to 1.35 | 1.02 | 0 | 0.26 to 1.77 | 0.65 | 0.02 | −0.06 to 1.37 |
| Payer | |||||||||
| Public | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| HMO | 1.15 | <0.0001 | 0.71 to 1.58 | 0.822 | 0.02 | 0.38 to 1.26 | 0.78 | <0.0001 | 0.36 to 1.21 |
| Private | 0.93 | <0.0001 | 0.59 to 1.27 | 1 | <0.0001 | 0.65 to 1.35 | 0.88 | <0.0001 | 0.55 to 1.22 |
| Self pay | 3.33 | <0.0001 | 2.82 to 3.84 | 3.29 | <0.0001 | 2.77 to 3.82 | 3.26 | <0.0001 | 2.76 to 3.77 |
| Other | 2.27 | <0.0001 | 1.29 to 3.24 | 2.14 | <0.0001 | 1.14 to 3.27 | 2.16 | <0.0001 | 1.20 to 3.12 |
| Income | |||||||||
| <=2* FPL | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| 2*FPL - 3*FPL | −0.35 | 0.03 | −0.66 to −0.04 | −0.25 | 0.12 | −0.57 to 0.06 | −0.30 | 0.05 | −0.60 to 0.00 |
| >3* FPL | −0.28 | 0.13 | −0.64 to 0.08 | −0.21 | 0.26 | −0.58 to 0.16 | −0.24 | 0.18 | −0.59 to 0.11 |
| Mechanism** | |||||||||
| Fall | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| Firearm | 8.66 | <0.0001 | 7.92 to 9.40 | 8.29 | <0.0001 | 7.55 to 9.03 | 8.39 | <0.0001 | 7.67 to 9.10 |
| MVA Intent | 1.51 | <0.0001 | 1.09 to 1.94 | 1.48 | <0.0001 | 1.05 to 1.90 | 1.51 | <0.0001 | 1.10 to 1.92 |
| Unintentional | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| Intentional (suicide) | 13.06 | <0.0001 | 11.54 to 14.57 | 13.20 | <0.0001 | 11.67 to 14.73 | 13.47 | <0.0001 | 12.00 to 14.94 |
| Assault | −1.49 | <0.0001 | −2.08 to −0.89 | −1.17 | <0.0001 | −1.76 to −0.57 | 1.22 | <0.0001 | −1.79 to −0.64 |
*
estimates are in percentage points
**
bold indicates significance