Table 4. Relationship between Cognitive Function Tests and Hemoglobin A1C in Multivariate Analysis Adjusted for Age, Education and Coronary Risk Factors.
Association of glycemia with measures of cognitive function adjusted for (Model 4) age, education, mean arterial pressure, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol, Short Form-36 (SF-36) mental health score, and past medical history of depression in the full study cohort population.
| Model 4: Fully Adjusted Model (full study cohort)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome Variable | R2 | Model P-value | Covariates | β (95 CI) | Standardized Estimate | Covariate P-Value |
| MMSE | 0.11 | <0.0035 | HbA1c | −0.15 (−0.63, 0.33) | −0.04 | 0.539 |
| Age | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.03) | −0.24 | 0.001 | |||
| Education | 0.10 (0.02, 0.18) | 0.17 | 0.014 | |||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.06 | 0.408 | |||
| Non-HDL-C | −0.00 (−0.01, −0.01) | −0.00 | 0.991 | |||
| Smoking Status | 0.03 (−0.28, 0.34) | 0.01 | 0.849 | |||
| BMI | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | −0.09 | 0.179 | |||
| SF-36 Mental | −0.00 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.03 | 0.646 | |||
| Depression | −0.06 (−0.66, 0.55) | −0.01 | 0.851 | |||
|
| ||||||
| DSST | 0.26 | <0.0001 | HbA1c | −3.60 (−7.31, 0.11) | −0.12 | 0.057 |
| Age | −0.66 (−0.92, −0.40) | −0.32 | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | 1.57 (0.94, 2.20) | 0.31 | <0.0001 | |||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | 0.13 (−0.08, 0.33) | 0.07 | 0.23 | |||
| Non-HDL-C | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | −0.11 | 0.08 | |||
| Smoking Status | 0.69 (−1.68, 3.06) | 0.04 | 0.57 | |||
| BMI | 0.13 (−0.43, 0.68) | 0.03 | 0.66 | |||
| SF-36 Mental | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.14) | 0.02 | 0.81 | |||
| Depression | −2.45 (−7.13, 2.24) | −0.07 | 0.30 | |||
|
| ||||||
| RAVLT | 0.27 | <0.0001 | HbA1c | −1.58 (−3.16, −0.01) | −0.12 | 0.049 |
| Age | −0.32 (−0.43, −0.21) | −0.36 | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | 0.60 (0.33, 0.87) | 0.28 | <0.0001 | |||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | 0.11 (0.02, 0.20) | 0.14 | 0.018 | |||
| Non-HDL-C | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.02 | 0.706 | |||
| Smoking Status | −0.04 (−1.05, 0.97) | −0.00 | 0.941 | |||
| BMI | −0.13 (−0.37, 0.11) | −0.06 | 0.283 | |||
| SF-36 Mental | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.08) | 0.06 | 0.335 | |||
| Depression | −0.41 (−2.40, 1.59) | −0.03 | 0.688 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Trail Making B | 0.18 | <0.0001 | HbA1c | 12.0 (1.43, 22.5) | 0.15 | 0.026 |
| Age | 1.63 (0.90, 2.37) | 0.29 | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | −1.79 (−3.57, −0.01) | −0.13 | 0.049 | |||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | 0.42 (−0.16, 1.01) | 0.09 | 0.157 | |||
| Non-HDL-C | 0.13 (−0.03, 0.29) | 0.10 | 0.121 | |||
| Smoking Status | −1.50 (−8.22, 5.22) | −0.03 | 0.661 | |||
| BMI | −0.26 (−1.85, 1.32) | −0.02 | 0.743 | |||
| SF-36 Mental | −0.06 (−0.43, 0.30) | −0.02 | 0.730 | |||
| Depression | 0.36 (−12.9, 13.6) | 0.00 | 0.957 | |||
|
| ||||||
| CVF | 0.20 | <0.0001 | HbA1c | −2.84 (−5.5, −0.16) | −0.14 | 0.038 |
| Age | −0.11 (−0.30, 0.07) | −0.08 | 0.230 | |||
| Education | 1.44 (0.99, 1.89) | 0.41 | <0.0001 | |||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | 0.10 (−0.05, 0.24) | 0.08 | 0.211 | |||
| Non-HDL-C | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.06) | 0.04 | 0.509 | |||
| Smoking Status | −1.62 (−3.3, 0.09) | −0.12 | 0.063 | |||
| BMI | 0.16 (−0.24, 0.57) | 0.05 | 0.428 | |||
| SF-36 Mental | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.08) | −0.02 | 0.735 | |||
| Depression | −2.44 (−5.81, 0.94) | −0.09 | 0.156 | |||