Table 1.
Estimated Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Disability by Demographic and Health Characteristics
| Characteristic | Weighted % of total sample1 | ACE ≥ 1 wt.2 % (95% CI2) | ACE ≥ 5 wt. % (95% CI) | Disability wt. % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 100 | 56.8 (56.0-57.5) | 8.4 (8.0-8.9) | 23.1 (22.5-23.7) |
| Age | ||||
| 18-29 | 14.1 | 63.8 (61.3-66.4) | 12.8 (11.1-14.6) | 13.2 (11.4-15.0) |
| 30-44 | 33.3 | 61.6 (60.0-63.2) | 10.8 (9.8-11.8) | 15.4 (14.2-16.5) |
| 45-54 | 19.4 | 59.2 (57.7-60.7) | 8.8 (8.0-9.6) | 24.6 (23.3-25.9) |
| 55-65 | 15.5 | 53.8 (52.4-55.2) | 5.8 (5.2-6.4) | 31.1 (29.9-32.4) |
| 65-74 | 9.6 | 47.3 (45.7-48.9) | 3.3 (2.7-3.8) | 32.1 (30.6-33.6) |
| 75+ | 8.1 | 35.5 (33.9-37.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 43.0 (41.3-44.7) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 48.6 | 55.7 (54.5-57.0) | 6.9 (6.2-7.6) | 22.1 (21.1-23.0) |
| Female | 51.4 | 57.7 (56.8-58.6) | 9.9 (9.3-10.5) | 24.1 (23.4-24.9) |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 82.3 | 55.6 (54.7-56.4) | 8.3 (7.7-8.8) | 23.5 (22.8-24.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 7.2 | 65.6 (62.9-68.3) | 7.4 (6.0-8.8) | 24.5 (22.3-26.7) |
| Hispanic | 4.6 | 65.1 (62.1-68.0) | 9.8 (7.9-11.6) | 16.9 (14.9-18.9) |
| Asian/Nat Haw/PI2 | 2.6 | 38.3 (34.0-42.6) | 2.4 (1.6-3.3) | 11.5 (9.4-13.5) |
| Other3 | 3.3 | 70.4 (67.0-73.8) | 17.2 (14.3-20.1) | 28.6 (25.4-31.9) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Couple | 67.1 | 55.3 (54.3-56.2) | 7.6 (7.0-8.1) | 20.5 (19.7-21.2) |
| Divorced/Separated | 10.6 | 67.0 (65.1-68.9) | 13.5 (12.2-14.9) | 34.7 (32.8-36.5) |
| Widowed | 6.3 | 43.6 (41.8-45.4) | 3.7 (3.0-4.4) | 40.7 (38.9-42.5) |
| Never Married | 16.0 | 61.5 (59.2-63.8) | 10.4 (9.1-11.8) | 19.7 (18.1-21.4) |
| Annual Household Income | ||||
| Less than 15k | 7.0 | 67.0 (64.4-69.6) | 15.8 (13.9-17.8) | 46.7 (43.9-49.5) |
| 15k to less than 25k | 14.2 | 60.8 (58.8-62.8) | 12.2 (10.7-13.8) | 33.7 (31.8-35.5) |
| 25k to less than 50k | 23.3 | 56.8 (55.3-58.3) | 7.9 (7.1-8.7) | 23.7 (22.5-24.8) |
| greater than 50k | 43.5 | 55.5 (54.3-56.7) | 6.7 (6.1-7.4) | 14.8 (14.0-15.6) |
| Don't Know | 6.3 | 54.7 (51.4-58.1) | 8.9 (6.6-11.3) | 30.3 (27.3-33.4) |
| Refused to Answer | 5.7 | 45.7 (42.6-48.8) | 4.4 (3.1-5.8) | 21.7 (19.3-24.0) |
| High School Graduate | ||||
| No | 6.9 | 56.1 (55.3-56.9) | 8.0 (7.5-8.5) | 22.1 (21.5-22.7) |
| Yes | 93.1 | 65.5 (63.0-68.1) | 13.8 (11.7-15.9) | 36.6 (33.9-39.4) |
| Health Conditions4 | ||||
| Asthma (ever) | 12.9 | 66.8 (64.8-68.9) | 14.8 (13.1-16.4) | 37.1 (35.1-39.1) |
| No Asthma | 87.1 | 55.9 (55.0-56.8) | 7.9 (7.3-8.4) | 19.9 (19.3-20.6) |
| Coronary Heart | 4.3 | 63.7 (55.4-72.1) | 21.9 (12.0-31.7) | 59.6 (51.3-67.9) |
| No Coronary Heart | 95.7 | 57.1 (56.3-57.9) | 8.7 (8.2-9.2) | 21.2 (20.5-21.8) |
| Myocardial Infarction | 4.0 | 69.2 (62.4-75.9) | 14.2 (8.8-19.6) | 49.6 (39.5-59.7) |
| No Myocardial Infarction | 96.0 | 57.0 (56.2-57.9) | 8.7 (8.1-9.2) | 21.3 (20.7-21.9) |
| Stroke | 2.8 | 70.6 (65.1-76.1) | 16.7 (10.6-22.7) | 63.5 (56.2-70.7) |
| No Stroke | 97.2 | 57.1 (56.3-57.9) | 8.7 (8.2-9.2) | 21.2 (20.6-21.9) |
| Diabetes | 9.0 | 64.8 (60.3-69.2) | 14.3 (10.4-18.3) | 39.8 (35.3-44.4) |
| No Diabetes | 91.0 | 56.8 (55.9-57.7) | 8.6 (8.1-9.1) | 20.6 (20.0-21.2) |
| Subset Analysis: Psychological Health Conditions4, 5 | ||||
| Anxiety | 13.5 | 78.3 (74.4-82.1) | 23.5 (19.2-27.9) | 43.6 (39.3-47.9) |
| No Anxiety | 86.5 | 54.5 (52.6-56.3) | 7.0 (6.0-8.0) | 18.0 (16.7-19.2) |
| Depression | 17.0 | 77.1 (73.6-80.6) | 24.5 (20.4-28.5) | 45.0 (40.9-49.0) |
| No Depression4 | 83.0 | 53.7 (51.8-55.6) | 6.3 (5.3-7.2) | 16.7 (15.5-18.0) |
The full sample included data from the following states: BRFSS 2009: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Tennessee, Washington; BRFSS 2010: District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maine, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin. (n = 81,184)
Abbreviations: wt. = weighted; CI = confidence interval; Nat Haw = Native Hawaiian; PI = Pacific Islander
Native American, Multiracial, Other
Health conditions were age standardized using the direct standardization method and the 2000 US standard population37
Psychological Health Condition Variables were only available for states: Ohio, Vermont, Maine, Hawaii, Nevada (Total n = 22,739)