Table I.

LIPS for autoantibody detection

Disease/infection	Examples of important findings made by LIPS
Type 1 diabetes	•LIPS diagnostic performance matched a gold standard radioactive-binding assay for the detection of IA2, IA2-β, and GAD65 autoantibodies11, 12 •Detected high frequency of autoantibodies against other autoimmune targets in patients with type 1 diabetes for potentially identifying patient subsets19
Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked syndrome	•Identified autoantibodies against harmonin and villin as diagnostic markers in children with immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked syndrome14
Stiff person syndrome	•LIPS showed 75% sensitivity for the detection of GAD65 for diagnosis of stiff person syndrome.21 Identified a psychiatric patient with psychomotor slowing with high GAD65 autoantibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid22
SS	•LIPS showed 75% sensitivity for the detection of SSB autoantibodies compared with 45% sensitivity for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay24 •Detected 16% frequency of autoantibodies against gastric adenosine triphosphatase in patients with SS24 •Sensitive detection of Ro60 and Ro52 autoantibodies for diagnosis in the saliva of patients with SS25
SLE	•Found 95% of patients with SLE to contain 1 of 2 types of autoantibody clusters28
Patients with thymoma	•Identified a subset of patients with thymoma with multiple anticytokine autoantibodies, which correlated with opportunistic infections in patients34 •Relative levels of anticytokine autoantibodies detected by LIPS correlated with in vitro neutralizing activity34
dNTM	•Patients with dNTM infection show high frequency of high titer interferon gamma autoantibodies33 •Autoantibodies against more than 30 other cytokines in dNTM were not detected33
ARDS and sepsis	•Observed the rapid induction of autoantibodies in patients ARDS and sepsis32

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; dNTM, disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial; LIPS, luciferase immunoprecipitation system; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjögren's syndrome.