Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics by Age-Related Macular Degeneration in those who Died
| Participants Ages 67 to 82 years (N=1227) |
Participants Ages 83+ years (N=515) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic at Baseline Exam | No AMD (n=880) |
Early AMD (n=284) |
Late AMD (n=63) |
No AMD (n=248) |
Early AMD (n=174) |
Late AMD (n=93) |
| Mean Age in years | 76.0 (4.2) | 77.3 (3.8)** | 79.1 (3.1)** | 85.3 (2.4) | 86.0 (2.9)* | 86.0 (2.8)* |
| Male | 50.7% (446) | 53.2% (151) | 41.3% (26) | 52.4% (130) | 47.1% (82) | 54.8% (51) |
| Education Level, Completed Secondary or More | 76.2% (664) | 74.5% (210) | 60.7% (37) | 74.9% (179) | 70.2% (118) | 69.2% (63) |
| Marital Status, Married or Living Together | 61.5% (536) | 59.2% (167) | 56.5% (35) | 39.3% (94) | 40.5% (68) | 49.5% (45)* |
| Former Smoker | 47.0% (413) | 49.1% (139) | 40.3% (25) | 47.2% (117) | 41.0% (71) | 45.2% (42) |
| Current Smoker | 16.4% (144) | 19.8% (56)* | 27.4% (17)** | 5.7% (14) | 6.4% (11) | 10.8% (10) |
| Hypertension | 82.7% (727) | 80.3% (228) | 87.3% (55) | 91.1% (226) | 87.9% (153) | 86.0% (80) |
| Mean BMI | 26.9 (4.7) | 26.9 (4.8) | 26.9 (4.7) | 25.8 (4.0) | 25.6 (4.2) | 24.9 (3.7) |
| Self-Reported Health Status, Poor | 9.9% (87) | 6.0% (17) | 12.7% (8) | 8.9% (22) | 12.6% (22) | 3.2% (3) |
| Depressive Symptomology | 10.6% (86) | 8.0% (21) | 13.3% (8) | 9.0% (21) | 8.0% (13) | 8.2% (7) |
| Cognitive Status, Impaired | 20.0% (173) | 18.5% (52) | 29.5% (18) | 36.6% (89) | 35.3% (60) | 45.2% (38) |
| Walking Disability | 22.2% (195) | 25.1% (71) | 30.2% (19) | 38.3% (95) | 44.5% (77) | 45.2% (42) |
| Cod Liver Oil Use | 54.4% (479) | 54.9% (156) | 49.2% (31) | 58.5% (145) | 58.1% (101) | 57.0% (53) |
| Mean Number of Medication | 4.7 (3.1) | 4.6 (3.1) | 5.1 (2.7) | 5.1 (3.3) | 5.1 (3.3) | 4.6 (2.8) |
| Aspirin-Use | 39.6% (348) | 40.5% (115) | 39.7% (25) | 33.5% (83) | 42.0% (73) | 44.1% (41) |
| Mean High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.5)** | 1.7 (0.4)** |
| Mean Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.4 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.0) |
| Diabetesa | 15.0% (132) | 20.4% (58)* | 12.7% (8) | 12.1% (30) | 10.9% (19) | 14.0% (13) |
| Microalbuminuria | 12.2% (105) | 13.2% (37) | 12.9% (8) | 21.3% (50) | 16.5% (28) | 15.4% (14) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 35.5% (312) | 39.8% (113) | 33.3% (21) | 51.2% (127) | 45.4% (79) | 37.6% (35)* |
| History of Angina, by Self-Report | 19.6% (168) | 19.5% (54) | 18.6% (11) | 17.1% (40) | 12.0% (20) | 18.9% (17) |
| History of Cancer, by Self-Report | 20.8% (182) | 18.8% (53) | 14.3% (9) | 18.9% (46) | 19.7% (34) | 19.6% (18) |
| History of Cardiovascular Disease, by Self-Report | 29.9% (263) | 34.4% (97) | 36.5% (23) | 27.2% (67) | 28.7% (50) | 30.1% (28) |
| Record of Clinical Cardiovascular Event | 21.5% (188) | 23.2% (66) | 19.4% (12) | 16.2% (40) | 16.8% (29) | 16.3% (15) |
| Vision Impairment (Better Eye)b | 12.3% (108) | 21.7% (61)** | 57.4% (35)** | 25.5% (63) | 29.5% (51) | 58.1% (54)** |
| Severe Vision Impairment (Better Eye)b | 0.7% (6) | 0.7% (2) | 19.7% (12)** | 1.2% (3) | 2.3% (4) | 28.0% (26)** |
| CFH Genotype RS1061170c | ||||||
| Allele TT | 40.0% (166) | 26.1% (36)** | 6.9% (2)** | 43.9% (47) | 32.4% (22) | 25.0% (7) |
| Allele CT | 49.4% (205) | 47.1% (65) | 62.1% (18) | 44.9% (48) | 52.9% (36) | 60.7% (17) |
| Allele CC | 10.6% (44) | 26.8% (37) | 31.0% (9) | 11.2% (12) | 14.7% (10) | 14.3% (4) |
All-cause mortality was assessed through 27 September 2013. Data are presented as % (N) or mean (standard deviation). Comparisons are for each AMD group with the No AMD group, adjusted for age and sex;
*
p-value < 0.05,
**
p-value < 0.01.
a
Diabetes mellitus was defined as the self-reported history of diabetes, use of glucose-modifying medications, or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.
b
Vision impairment (VI) was defined as a presenting visual acuity of 20/50 or worse in the better eye; severe VI was defined as a presenting visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye.
c
Available in approximately 50% of the sample.