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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Oct 22;25(2):77–83. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.10.013

Table 2.

Multivariate Analysis – Results of Multinomial Logistic Regression

Primary Predictor Pre-Diabetes Diabetes
RRR (95% CI) p-value RRR (95% CI) p-value Test of
heterogeneity
(p-value
Northwestern Univ. sitea 2.50 (1.82–3.43) < 0.001 1.79 (1.27–2.53) 0.001
Cultural practices*§b 1.04 (0.93–1.15) 0.50 0.99 (0.89–1.10) 0.84
Dietary Pattern (reference: Western)c 0.97
  Sweets and Refined Grains 1.02 (0.65–1.60) 0.93 1.01 (0.62–1.64) 0.98
  Fruits and Vegetables 0.93 (0.60–1.44) 0.75 0.87 (0.53–1.40) 0.56
Fasting (reference: never/almost never)c 0.005
  Monthly/annually 0.73 (0.49–1.08) 0.12 0.47 (0.30–0.74) 0.001
  Weekly 1.40 (0.80–2.48) 0.24 0.78 (0.41–1.47) 0.44
Family income (reference >$100K annually)d 0.11
  < 40K 1.51 (0.87–2.64) 0.14 2.34 (1.33–4.11) 0.003
  40–75K 1.22 (0.74–2.03) 0.44 1.55 (0.92–2.64) 0.10
  75–100K 0.82 (0.48–1.43) 0.49 1.04 (0.58–1.86) 0.90
Education (reference >Bachelor’s)d 0.26
  < Bachelor’s 1.11 (0.64–1.90) 0.72 1.79 (1.04–3.07) 0.04
  Bachelor’s 0.92 (0.64–1.33) 0.65 1.10 (0.74–1.64) 0.63
Chronic Burdene 0.46
  Burden score 1 0.97 (0.67–1.42) 0.89 1.01 (0.67–1.54) 0.95
  Burden score 2 1.22 (0.74–2.04) 0.44 1.42 (0.81–2.46) 0.22
  Burden score 3–5 1.47 (0.74–2.91) 0.27 2.10 (1.04–4.21) 0.04
Depression*§e 1.00 (0.93–1.08) 0.98 1.04 (0.96–1.12) 0.34
Anxiety*§e 0.78 (0.60–1.02) 0.07 0.83 (0.62–1.10) 0.20
Exercise (MET-min/week)*f 0.81 (0.68–0.97) 0.02 0.87 (0.72–1.06) 0.17
TV watching (min/week)*f 0.93 (0.77–1.13) 0.46 1.23 (1.02–1.49) 0.03
*

Per standard deviation

§

RRR reported for 50% increase in log-transformed predictors

a

Adjusts for: age, sex

b

Adjusts for: age, sex, site, country of birth, religion, years in the United States

c

Adjusts for: age, sex, site, country of birth, religion, cultural practices, chronic burden, anxiety, depression, income, education, years in the United States

d

Adjusts for: age, sex, site, cultural practices

e

Adjusts for: age, sex, site, income, education, years in the United States, religion, cultural practices

f

Adjusts for: age, sex, site, country of birth, religion, cultural practices, chronic burden, anxiety, depression, income, education, years in the United States, dietary pattern, fasting