TABLE 4.
Relationships of Hardships, Income, Education, and Race With Detectable Serum Cotinine: Logistic Regression Analyses
| Potential Predictor | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio for Cotinine Above LOD | 95% CI | Odds Ratio for Cotinine Above LOD | 95% CI | |
| Cumulative Hardships | ||||
| ≥4 of 11 | 7.1 | 4.4–11.6 | 3.7 | 2.0–7.0 |
| 3 | 3.3 | 1.9–6.0 | 1.4 | 0.7–3.0 |
| 2 | 3.7 | 2.1–6.6 | 2.9 | 1.4–6.0 |
| 1 | 2.7 | 1.5–4.7 | 2.2 | 1.1–4.3 |
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Income | ||||
| <$15 000 | 22.6 | 8.6–59.5 | 12.5 | 3.2–50.0 |
| $15 000–$29 999 | 16.1 | 6.1–42.4 | 10.5 | 2.7–40.4 |
| $30 000–$44 999 | 8.0 | 2.9–22.2 | 7.8 | 2.0–30.6 |
| $45 000–$59 999 | 9.5 | 3.1–29.0 | 11.5 | 2.8–48.3 |
| $60 000–$89 999 | 2.5 | 0.9–7.4 | 2.9 | 0.7–11.4 |
| >$90 000 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Education | ||||
| <High school | 19.3 | 9.5–39.0 | 6.1 | 2.6–14.7 |
| High school graduate | 6.2 | 3.4–11.0 | 2.2 | 1.1–4.5 |
| Some college | 6.2 | 3.5–11.2 | 2.4 | 1.2–4.9 |
| 2-y college | 4.6 | 2.4–8.9 | 2.1 | 0.9–4.6 |
| 4-y college | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Race | ||||
| African American | 1.5 | 1.1–2.1 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.5 |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
a
Adjusted model included all potential predictors and child gender and age.