Table 1.
The characteristics of study participants at the baseline.
| Characteristics | Intervention Group (n = 33) n (%) | Control Group (n = 32) n (%) | χ2/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caregivers’ age (years) | 37.61 ± 8.73 | 35.81 ± 5.97 | 0.964 | 0.339 |
| Caregivers | 0.295 a | 1.000 | ||
| Father | 30 (90.9) | 30 (93.8) | ||
| Others (e.g., sibling, grandparent) | 3 (9.1) | 2 (6.2) | ||
| Caregivers’ ethnicity | 0.001 b | 0.971 | ||
| Han ethnicity | 31 (93.9) | 29 (90.6) | ||
| Other | 2 (6.1) | 3 (9.4) | ||
| Marital status | 1.871 a | 1.000 | ||
| Married | 32 (97.0) | 31 (96.9) | ||
| Divorced/separated | 1 (3.0) | 1 (3.1) | ||
| Occupation status | 0.133 | 0.935 | ||
| Technical employed | 10 (30.3) | 11 (34.4) | ||
| Service employed | 15 (45.5) | 14 (43.8) | ||
| Others | 8 (24.2) | 7 (21.8) | ||
| Education attainment | 2.854 a | 0.483 | ||
| Primary or below | 3 (9.1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Secondary | 3 (9.1) | 3 (9.3) | ||
| Matriculation | 12 (36.4) | 14 (43.8) | ||
| Tertiary or above | 15 (45.5) | 15 (46.9) | ||
| Monthly family income (RMB) | 0.889 | 0.641 | ||
| ≤2999 | 9 (27.3) | 7 (21.9) | ||
| 3000–5999 | 17 (51.5) | 15 (46.9) | ||
| ≥6000 | 7 (21.2) | 10 (31.2) | ||
| Home size (m3; mean ± SD) | 91.7 ± 35.0 | 92.5 ± 30.0 | –0.09 | 0.928 |
| Children’s mean age (years) | 6.18 ± 0.46 | 6.17 ± 0.40 | 0.614 | 0.907 |
| Children’s sex | 0.675 | 0.798 | ||
| Boy | 20 (60.6) | 21 (65.6) | ||
| Girl | 13 (39.4) | 11 (34.4) |
a Fisher’s exact test; b Continuity correction.