Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants (N = 389).
| Variable | Smokers | Non-Smokers | Statistical Test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Mean ± SD | N (%) | Mean ± SD | ||
| Sex | χ2 = 74.4977, p < 0.0001 | ||||
| Male | 78 (91.8) | -- | 118 (38.8) | -- | |
| Female | 7 (8.2) | -- | 186 (61.2) | -- | |
| Age (16–23) | -- | 20.7 ± 1.3 | -- | 19.4 ± 1.3 | t value = 8.23, p < 0.0001 |
| Physical conditions | χ2 = 3.4312, p = 0.1799 | ||||
| Well | 24 (28.2) | -- | 60 (19.7) | -- | |
| General | 52 (61.2) | -- | 217 (71.4) | -- | |
| Poor | 9 (10.6) | -- | 27 (8.9) | -- | |
| Living cost | χ2 = 5.9387, p = 0.0513 | ||||
| <¥600 | 23 (27.1) | -- | 126 (41.4) | -- | |
| ¥600–¥800 | 33 (38.8) | -- | 99 (32.6) | -- | |
| >¥800 | 29 (34.1) | -- | 79 (26.0) | -- | |