Table 2.

Causes of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency

Diagnosis	GENE	Features (order of frequency)
APS 1	AIRE	Hypothyroidism, Chronic mucocutaneus candidiasis Adrenal insufficiency Primary hypogonadism Malabsorbtion syndromes Type 1 DM Others
APS 2	HLA-DR3 CTLA-4	Adrenal insufficiency Autoimmune thyroid disease Type 1 DM Primary hypogonadism Vitiligo
Isolated Autoimmune adrenalitis	HLA-DR3 CTLA-4

Adapted from:

Arlt and Allolio;²

Oelkers;³

Bornstein;⁸

Leshin;¹¹

Dittmar et al;¹⁰

Neufeld et al.⁶