Figure 5.

Transcriptional and physiological pathways leading to drought resistance in J. curcas. In roots, ABA synthesis and signal transduction was enhanced, and raffinose synthesis was significantly up-regulated. In leaves, ETH was synthesized, and ABA and ETH signal transduction pathways were enhanced. The ER stress response was activated, probably to remove unfolded proteins or to induce autophagy. Trehalose was accumulated, and glycolysis and the TCA cycle were enhanced, whereas chlorophyll content and CO₂ assimilation decreased. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased and wax synthesis increased. ABA, abscisic acid; ETH, ethylene; TCA Cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.