Table 4.

Mean emergency department pain scores (0–10 scale) for younger and older adults by patient and collision characteristics

	Age 18-64		Age ≥65
Characteristic	N	Mean (95% CI)	N	Mean (95% CI)
Sex
Female	565	5.7 (5.5,5.9)	52	5.6 (4.9,6.3)
Male	369	5.3 (5.0,5.5)	44	5.4 (4.6,6.3)
Education
8-11 years	42	7.1 (6.3,7.9)	11	6.2 (4.6,7.8)
High school	180	5.8 (5.5,6.1)	20	5.4 (4.3,6.4)
Post high school	365	5.9 (5.7,6.1)	28	6.2 (5.1,7.2)
College grad	234	5.0 (4.7,5.3)	29	5.5 (4.5,6.4)
Post grad	111	4.4 (4.0,4.8)	17	4.3 (3.2,5.4)
Pain catastrophizing
Yes	409	6.1 (5.9,6.3)	31	6.4 (5.5,7.2)
No	513	5.1 (4.9,5.3)	63	5.1 (4.4,5.7)
Depressive symptoms
Yes	191	6.0 (5.6,6.3)	22	6.5 (5.6,7.5)
No	741	5.4 (5.2,5.6)	68	5.0 (4.4,5.6)
Driver
Yes	801	5.5 (5.3-5.6)	79	5.4 (4.8,5.9)
No	133	5.9 (5.5-6.3)	15	6.1 (4.5,7.8)
Rear-ended
Yes	334	5.5 (5.2,5.8)	26	5.6 (4.6,6.5)
No	600	5.6 (5.4,5.7)	68	5.5 (4.8,6.1)
Damage severity
Severe	500	5.5 (5.3,5.7)	35	5.3 (4.5,6.1)
Moderate	276	5.6 (5.3,5.9)	43	5.7 (5.0,6.5)
No or minor	127	5.2 (4.7,5.6)	11	4.2 (2.6,5.8)