Table 3.

Comparison of UCs with low 5-MeC or DNMT1 level stratified by clinicopathological features (n = 150).

Variables		All Cases	Biomarkers with Low Level, n (%)
			5-MeC	p-Value	DNMT1	p-Value
Age	<68	73	43 (58.9)	0.3917	64 (87.7)	0.5657
	≥68	77	40 (52.0)		65 (84.4)
Sex	Male	65	30 (46.2)	0.0480 *	54 (83.1)	0.3669
	Female	85	53 (62.4)		75 (88.2)
Smoking †	Never	66	35 (53.0)	0.4072	55 (83.3)	0.7124
	Ever	36	16 (44.4)		31 (86.1)
Tumor location	Pelvis	27	15 (55.6)	0.0371 *	22 (81.5)	0.1500
	Ureter	65	43 (66.2)		60 (92.3)
	Urinary bladder	58	25 (43.1)		47 (81.0)
Tumor grade	Low grade	34	18 (52.9)	0.7500	30 (88.2)	0.6690
	High grade	116	65 (56.0)		99 (85.3)
TNM stage	0a/0is	40	18 (45.0)	0.0321 *	33 (82.5)	0.7250
	I	42	20 (47.6)		36 (85.7)
	II/III/IV	68	45 (66.2)		60 (88.2)
Tumor recurrence	Absent	134	75 (56.0)	0.6493	115 (85.8)	0.8548
	Present	16	8 (50.0)		14 (87.5)
Pathologic Features
UIS	Absent	90	41 (45.6)	0.0032 *	74 (82.2)	0.1024
	Present	60	42 (70.0)		55 (91.7)
Inflammation	None/+/++	128	65 (50.8)	0.0068 *	109 (85.2)	0.7402
	+++	22	18 (81.8)		20 (90.9)
SD	Absent	107	56 (52.3)	0.2442	88 (82.2)	0.0365 *
	Present	43	27 (62.8)		41 (95.4)
GD	Absent	137	74 (54.0)	0.2916	117 (85.4)	0.6948
	Present	13	9 (69.2)		12 (92.3)
LVI or PNI	Absent	128	71 (55.5)	0.9359	110 (85.9)	0.9576
	Present	22	12 (54.6)		19 (86.4)

* Significant when p-value <0.05 using chi-square test; † 48 missing cases.