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. 2014 Dec 31;16(1):823–839. doi: 10.3390/ijms16010823

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Representation of main molecular pathways linking mitochondrial dysfunction with TOD development in hypertension. NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADPH ox: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; GPX: Glutathione peroxidase; CuZnSOD: Copper–zinc superoxide dismutase; CytC: Cytochrome C; CoQ: Coenzyme Q; SERCA: Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺–ATPase; MCU: Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter; NCX: Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger; ADP: Adenosine diphosphate; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; mtNOS: Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase; NO: Nitric oxide; MnSOD: Manganese superoxide dismutase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TOD: Target organ damage; OMM: Outer mitochondrial membrane; IMS: Intermembrane space; and IMM: Inner mitochondrial membrane; I: Complex I, NADH dehydrogenase; II: Complex II, succinate dehydrogenase; III: Complex III, cytochrome bc₁ complex; IV: Complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase; V: Complex V, ATP synthase.