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. 2015 Jan 19;16(1):2078–2098. doi: 10.3390/ijms16012078

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees of three CYP clans. (A) mitochondrial; (B) CYP4; and (C) CYP3. The trees were constructed by using MEGA 5 based on the full-length amino acid sequences deduced from the cDNA or genomic DNA sequences of T. castaneum (Tc), D. melanogaster (Dm), A. gambiae (Ag), Musca domestica (Md), A. aegypti (Aa), C. pipiens pallens (Cp), C. quinquefasciatus (Cq), Blattella germanica (Bg), Helicoverpa armigera (Ha), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Dv), Manduca sexta (Ms), Bombyx mori (Bm), H. Zea (Hz), Plutella xylostella (Px), Chironomus tentans (Ct), and Apis mellifera (Am). The accession number of each gene from NCBI is shown in bold at the end of the gene name. All nodes have significant bootstrap support based on 3000 replicates. The trees were constructed with cut-off value of 50%. The CYPs known to be implicated in insecticide resistance and up-regulation were indicated with a black triangle and a red dot, respectively, or both. In addition, sequence logos, which were predicted by WebLogo tool (http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi), depicted the conservation of amino acid residues in CYP heme-binding motif of each clustered clade. The letter size is proportional to the degree of amino acid conservation. Eight CYPs selected for this study were boxed.

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees of three CYP clans. (A) mitochondrial; (B) CYP4; and (C) CYP3. The trees were constructed by using MEGA 5 based on the full-length amino acid sequences deduced from the cDNA or genomic DNA sequences of T. castaneum (Tc), D. melanogaster (Dm), A. gambiae (Ag), Musca domestica (Md), A. aegypti (Aa), C. pipiens pallens (Cp), C. quinquefasciatus (Cq), Blattella germanica (Bg), Helicoverpa armigera (Ha), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Dv), Manduca sexta (Ms), Bombyx mori (Bm), H. Zea (Hz), Plutella xylostella (Px), Chironomus tentans (Ct), and Apis mellifera (Am). The accession number of each gene from NCBI is shown in bold at the end of the gene name. All nodes have significant bootstrap support based on 3000 replicates. The trees were constructed with cut-off value of 50%. The CYPs known to be implicated in insecticide resistance and up-regulation were indicated with a black triangle and a red dot, respectively, or both. In addition, sequence logos, which were predicted by WebLogo tool (http://weblogo.berkeley.edu/logo.cgi), depicted the conservation of amino acid residues in CYP heme-binding motif of each clustered clade. The letter size is proportional to the degree of amino acid conservation. Eight CYPs selected for this study were boxed.