Table 1.
Comparisons of selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from T. castaneum with those known to be up-regulated by chemicals and/or overexpressed in insecticide resistant strains of other insects.
| T. castaneum CYP Genes | Most Similar CYP Genes Found in Other Insect Species by BLASTP Search | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | CYP Genes | Identity (%) a | Overexpression Related to Insecticide Resistance b | Up-Regulation Mediated by Insecticides and Other Chemicals | |
| CYP12H1 | M. domestica | CYP12A1 | 37 | Pyrethroids [11] | Pyrethroids [17] |
| D. melanogaster | CYP12D1 | 37 | DDT [18] | pyrethrum [19] | |
| D. melanogaster | CYP12A4 | 39 | Lufenuron [20] | - | |
| A. gambiae | CYP12F1 | 36 | DDT [12] | - | |
| A. aegypti | CYP12F8 | 40 | - | Fluoranthene [21,22] | |
| CYP4G7 | M. domestica | CYP4G2 | 48 | - | Permethrin [23] |
| B. germanica | CYP4G19 | 51 | Pyrethroids [24] | - | |
| C. tentans | CYP4G33 | 54 | - | Atrazine [25] | |
| B. mori | CYP4G25 | 52 | - | Diazinon, permethrin [26] | |
| A. aegypti | CYP4G36 | 51 | - | Imidacloprid [27] | |
| CYP4BR3 | A. gambiae | CYP4H15 | 39 | DDT [12] | - |
| A. aegypti | CYP4H28 | 38 | - | Permethrin [28] | |
| C. pallens | CYP4H21 | 37 | Deltamethrin [29] | - | |
| C. quinquefasciatus | CYP4H34 | 38 | Permethrin [14] | - | |
| D. melanogaster | CYP4E2 | 41 | - | Phenobarbital, caffeine [30] | |
| D. melanogaster | CYP4E3 | 41 | - | Phenobarbital, caffeine [30] | |
| CYP4Q4 | M. sexta | CYP4M1 | 44 | Alkaloids, nicotine [31] | - |
| B. mori | CYP4M5 | 43 | - | Dichlorvos, deltamethrin [32] | |
| H. armigera | CYP4M6 | 43 | Deltamethrin [33] | - | |
| D. virgifera virgifera | CYP4AJ1 | 45 | Parathion, carbaryl [34] | - | |
| CYP6BK11 | M. domestica | CYP6A36 | 49 | Pyrethroids [35] | - |
| D. melanogaster | CYP6A8 | 46 | DDT, malathion [36] | Phenobarbital [30,37] | |
| A. gambiae | CYP6P3 | 43 | Permethrin [38] | - | |
| A. gambiae | CYP6M2 | 43 | Permethrin [39] | - | |
| A. aegypti | CYP6M11 | 41 | Deltamethrin [40] | Permethrin [21] | |
| P. xylostella | CYP6BG1 | 39 | Cypermethrin [41] | Permethrin [5] | |
| CYP345A1 | D. melanogaster | CYP6G1 | 43 | DDT, imidacloprid [42] | DDT, caffeine [37] |
| M. domestica | CYP6D3 | 38 | Pyrethroids [43] | Phenobarbital [44] | |
| C. quinquefasciatus | CYP6F1 | 37 | Permethrin [45] | - | |
| A. aegypti | CYP6AL1 | 37 | Fluoranthene [21] | - | |
| H. zea | CYP6B8 | 36 | Cypermethrin [46] | Chlorogenic acid [47] | |
| CYP9D4 | C. quinquefasciatus | CY9M10 | 37 | Permethrin [48] | - |
| H. armigera | CYP9A12 | 46 | Pyrethroids [49] | - | |
| H. armigera | CYP9A14 | 43 | Pyrethroids [50] | - | |
| A. aegypti | CYP9J27 | 41 | Pyrethroids [13] | - | |
| A. aegypti | CYP9J32 | 44 | Pyrethroids [13] | - | |
| CYP9Z5 | A. mellifera | CYP9Q1 | 38 | Acaricides [51] | - |
| B. mori | CYP9A19 | 45 | - | - | |
| B. mori | CYP9A20 | 45 | - | Dichlorvos, deltamethrin [32] | |
| D. melanogaster | CYP9F2 | 41 | Pyrethrum [19] | - | |
a The identity level is based on the deduced amino acid sequence of each CYP gene in T. castaneum against that of other insect species; b The number(s) in the brackets refer to reference numbers listed at the end of the paper.