. 2015 Jan 20;16(1):2220–2238. doi: 10.3390/ijms16012220

Table 4.

DEGs related to urine formation were selected from the GO term integral to membrane and the KEGG pathway of the renin-angiotensin system. DEGs: differentially expressed genes; GO: Gene Ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Gene-ID	Gene Name	log2(Fold-Change)	Function in the Kidney	References
comp46908_c0	angiotensin I converting enzyme precursor	−3.71	Angiotensin I (ANG I) converting enzyme can convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II via the removal of two amino acids.	[19]
comp46499_c0	type-1 angiotensin II receptor (ANGR II)	3.32	Angiotensin II (ANG II) has a greater effect on efferent arterioles than on afferent arterioles by binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor. Though it decreases blood flow, it raises systemic arterial blood pressure while increasing glomerular pressure and the filtration fraction and maintaining the glomerular filtration rate. Ultimately, decreased hydrostatic pressure and increased oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries will facilitate the reabsorption of tubular fluid.	[20,21,22]
comp45455_c0	angiotensinogen	−2.52	Angiotensinogen is the ultimate precursor of angiotensin II and is cleaved by renin to generate angiotensin I.	[19]
comp44526_c0	sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) precursor	−2.61	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 is responsible for Na⁺ reabsorption and H⁺ secretion and is distributed throughout the apical membrane of the proximal tubule and the thick ascending limb.	[23]
comp48685_c0	aquaporin-2 (AQP2)	2.30	Aquaporin-2 is a water channel that localizes to the apical membrane and intracellular vesicles of the collecting duct.	[24]
comp16873_c0	aquaporin-3 (AQP3)	2.10	Aquaporin-3 is a water channel that localizes to the basolateral membrane of the collecting duct.	[24]
comp46970_c0	urea transporter 2 (UT2)	2.42	Urea transporter 2 mediates the diffusion of urea across the wall of the inner medullary collecting duct and thin descending limb of the loop of Henle and plays an important role in the maintenance of high osmotic pressure in the inner medulla.	[25,26]
comp47244_c0	solute carrier family 12 member 1	1.02	Solute carrier family 12 member 1 encodes a Na⁺–K⁺–Cl⁻ cotransporter distributed throughout the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.	[27,28]
comp46740_c1	atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (ANPR1) precursor	1.59	Atrial natriuretic peptide binds the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 and only inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in the inner medullary collecting duct and suppresses the secretion of renin, aldosterone and vasopressin but also directly affects the glomerular filtration rate.	[29,30]