mRNA levels of GFAP (A) and OX-42 (B) in ipsilateral dorsal horn of lumbar enlargement of rats post SNT surgery. mRNA levels of GFAP and OX-42 increased significantly at 1, 7 and 21 d post surgery. Propentofylline significantly inhibited the up-regulation of GFAP at 7 and 21 d post surgery and inhibited the up-regulation of OX-42 at 1, 7 and 21 d post surgery. Safranal inhibited the up-regulation of GFAP and OX-42 at 7 and 21 d post surgery. ***P < 0.001, compared to sham group; ###P < 0.001, ##P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001, $P < 0.05, compared to vehicle group.