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. 2014 Dec 15;7(12):4990–4996.

Figure 5.

Figure 5

mRNA levels of TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) in ipsilateral dorsal horn of lumbar enlargement of rats post SNT surgery. mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β increased significantly at 1 and 7 d post surgery. Propentofylline significantly inhibited the up-regulation of TNF-α at 7 d post surgery and inhibited the up-regulation of IL-1β at 1 and 7 d post surgery. Safranal inhibited the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β at 7 d post surgery. ***P < 0.001, compared to sham group; ###P < 0.001, ##P < 0.01, $P < 0.05, compared to vehicle group.