Table 1.
SAGES Sample: Overall and by Presence of Depressive Symptoms
| Variable | Full Sample (N=459) | Depressive symptoms (n=113) | No Depressive Symptoms (n=346) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age--median years (IQR) | 76 (73, 80) | 76 (73, 81) | 76 (73, 80) |
| Female sex--n (%) | 274 (60) | 73 (65) | 201 (58) |
| Non-white race--n (%) | 38 (8) | 10 (9) | 28 (8) |
| Education-- median years (IQR) | 14 (12, 18) | 14 (12, 18) | 15 (12, 18) |
| Married, n (%) | 266 (58) | 58 (51) | 208 (60) |
| Charlson comorbidity--mean score (SD) | 0·9 (1·2) | 1·1 (1·3) | 0·8 (1·1) |
| Surgery Type | |||
| Hip Replacement | 115 (25) | 24 (21) | 91 (26) |
| Knee Replacement | 209 (46) | 44 (39) | 165 (48) |
| Laminectomy | 135 (29) | 45 (40) | 90 (26) |
| 3MS Score - mean (SD) | 93·4 (5·4) | 92·7 (5·8) | 93·7 (5·3) |
| Any impairment in basic activities of daily living--n (%)* | 38 (8) | 12 (11) | 26 (8) |
| Any impairment in instrumental activities of daily living--n (%)* | 137 (30) | 40 (35) | 97 (28) |
| Delirium during hospitalization, n (%) | 106 (23) | 37 (33) | 69 (20)± |
SAGES=Successful Aging after Elective Surgery Study; SD=standard deviation. 3MS=Modified Mini-Mental State examination (range 0–100, lower=worse).
*
Impairment defined as any impairment in one or more basic (or instrumental) activity of daily living
±
The relative risk for delirium associated with depressive symptoms is 1·6, 95% confidence interval, 1·2–2·3 (P=0·004). See text for details.