Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Men | 160 | 55.4 |
| Women | 129 | 44.6 | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 237 | 82.0 |
| Asian | 28 | 9.7 | |
| Hispanic | 13 | 4.5 | |
| Black | 7 | 2.4 | |
| Other | 4 | 1.4 | |
| Diabetes | Type 1 | 26 | 9.0 |
| Type 2 | 263 | 91.0 | |
| Smoker | No | 20 | 6.9 |
| Yes | 269 | 93.1 | |
| HbA1c | < 60 mmol/mol (< 7.6%) | 135 | 46.7 |
| ≥ 60 mmol/mol≥ 7.6%) | 154 | 53.3 | |
| Body Mass Index (weight (kg)/(height (m)2)† | 29.8 (5.5) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)† | 138 (14) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)† | 78 (9) | ||
| Visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in better eye* | 69 (61–77) | ||
| Visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in better eye† | 69.1 (11.7) | ||
| Visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in worse eye* | 56 (46–63) | ||
| Visual acuity (ETDRS letters) in worse eye† | 52.4 (13.4) | ||
| Number illnesses recorded* | 4 (2–6) |
*
Median (25th to 75th centiles); †Mean (sd).