Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population from the Southern Community Cohort Study with Type 2 diabetes*
| Characteristics | Black Americans, n = 8978 | White Americans, n = 3041 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: female, % (n) | 66.5 (5974) | 67.5 (2054) | 0.31 |
| Mean (sd) age, years | 55.1 (8.9) | 56.2 (9.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean (sd) age at diagnosis, years | 46.8 (9.1) | 48.5 (9.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean (sd) diabetes duration, years | 7.9 (7.4) | 7.2 (6.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) BMI at age 21 years, kg/m² | 23.3 (20.6–26.7) | 23.7 (20.7–28.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) current BMI, kg/m² | 32.6 (28.2–38.2) | 33.9 (29.2–39.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin therapy use only†, % (n) | 20.1 (1670) | 12.2 (356) | < 0.0001 |
| Oral hyperglycaemic therapy use only†, % (n) | 54.3 (4520) | 55.9 (1629) | 0.13 |
| Insulin and oral hyperglycaemic therapy use†, % (n) | 11.3 (939) | 12.2 (355) | 0.19 |
| No hyperglycaemic medication†, % (n) | 14.4 (1201) | 19.7 (574) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 82.9 (7441) | 78.0 (2371) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, % (n) | 50.6 (4531) | 63.3 (1917) | < 0.0001 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication, % (n) | |||
| None | 65.4 (5848) | 53.7 (1626) | < 0.0001 |
| Statin | 27.8 (2488) | 38.1 (1152) | < 0.0001 |
| Other cholesterol medication | 6.8 (610) | 8.2 (248) | 0.01 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, % (n) | 10.7 (962) | 18.6 (565) | < 0.0001 |
| Stroke/transient ischaemic attack, % (n) | 10.8 (969) | 12.2 (371) | 0.03 |
| Glaucoma, % (n) | 8.7 (776) | 4.8 (146) | < 0.0001 |
| Cataract, % (n) | 16.9 (1514) | 21.0 (639) | < 0.0001 |
| Acid reflux/heart burn, % (n) | 30.2 (2711) | 40.5 (1231) | < 0.0001 |
| A history of smoking, % (n) | 57.2 (5127) | 63.2 (1921) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smoker, % (n) | 30.0 (2688) | 30.9 (939) | 0.34 |
| Education < 12 years, % (n) | 38.7 (3475) | 34.9 (1061) | 0.0002 |
| Annual household income, % (n) | |||
| < $15,000 | 65.7 (5831) | 63.3 (1906) | 0.02 |
| $15,000–$24,999 | 21.5 (1904) | 21.0 (631) | 0.56 |
| ≥ $25,000 | 12.8 (1138) | 15.8 (475) | < 0.0001 |
IQR, interquartile range.
*
Type 2 diabetes defined as diabetes diagnosed at or after the age of 30 years. Those diagnosed before age 30 were excluded from analyses.
†
Three individuals had missing data on diabetes medication use and 775 individuals had missing data on type of diabetes medication used. Number of individuals with other missing data: hypertension, n = 3; high cholesterol or type of medication for high cholesterol, n = 47; ischaemic heart disease, n = 13; smoking, n = 8.