Table 4.

Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for ischaemic heart disease mortality and respiratory disorders mortality risk by race in those with Type 2 diabetes

	Ischaemic heart disease		Respiratory disorders
	Black Americans	White Americans	Black Americans	White Americans
Events, n	206	96	197	92
% contribution to total deaths	17.5	22.9	16.7	21.9
Characteristic	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Duration of diabetes, years	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.97 (0.93–1.00)
Sex, female	0.70 (0.51–0.96)	0.38 (0.25–0.60)	0.81 (0.58–1.12)	0.71 (0.45–1.14)
BMI	0.80 (0.69–0.93)	1.03 (0.81–1.30)	0.70 (0.61–0.80)	0.98 (0.78–1.22)
BMI squared	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	1.01 (0.95–1.06)	1.09 (1.07–1.12)	1.04 (0.99–1.09)
Anti-hyperglycaemic medication
None	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Insulin only	2.53 (1.46–4.38)	1.98 (0.90–4.42)	2.33 (1.33–4.07)	1.73 (0.82–3.64)
Insulin + oral agent	2.21 (1.18–4.13)	2.39 (1.08–5.29)	2.30 (1.22–4.36)	1.89 (0.90–3.96)
Oral agent only	1.21 (0.71–2.07)	1.09 (0.54–2.22)	1.42 (0.84–2.42)	0.63 (0.34–1.17)
Ischaemic heart disease	3.08 (2.22–4.28)	1.69 (1.05–2.72)	1.94 (1.31–2.87)	1.28 (0.76–2.16)
Hypertension	2.02 (1.20–3.38)	1.09 (0.62–1.91)	1.28 (0.83–1.97)	1.58 (0.84–2.97)
High cholesterol
No high cholesterol	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
High cholesterol, not treated	1.08 (0.71–1.65)	1.07 (0.54–2.12)	1.02 (0.67–1.56)	1.05 (0.54–2.04)
High cholesterol, statin	0.95 (0.67–1.36)	1.15 (0.68–1.94)	0.72 (0.49–1.06)	1.06 (0.62–1.82)
High cholesterol, other cholesterol lowering medication	0.99 (0.55–1.76)	0.94 (0.41–2.15)	0.88 (0.47–1.65)	0.71 (0.27–1.90)
A history of smoking
Never	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Current	1.93 (1.31–2.85)	1.95 (1.12–3.37)	2.67 (1.79–3.99)	6.56 (3.19–13.51)
Former	1.51 (1.04–2.21)	1.01 (0.58–1.75)	1.62 (1.07–2.45)	3.15 (1.52–6.52)

HR, hazard ratio.