Table 2.

Univariate (R) and multivariate analyses (β) of correlations between exercise capacity by peak VO₂ and clinical and echocardiographic parameters in the total study population (left) and the HFpEF patients (right)

Relation to peak VO2	Total study population (n = 100)				Patients with HFpEF (n = 37)
	Univariate correlation		Multivariate regression		Univariate correlation		Multivariate regression
	R	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value	R	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value
Age, per 5 years	0.13	0.20	−0.37 (−0.85 to 0.12)	0.13	−0.01	0.99	−1.07 (−2.07 to −0.07)	0.04
NYHA class	−0.77	<0.001			−0.65	<0.001
NT-proBNP, per 10 pmol/L	−0.35	0.002	−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01)	0.25	−0.47	0.02
LV EDD index	−0.43	<0.001	0.08 (−0.16 to 0.33)	0.50	0.12	0.48
LV EF	0.62	<0.001	−0.01 (−0.13 to 0.11)	0.87	0.08	0.62
LV GLS	−0.63	<0.001	−0.42 (−0.79 to −0.04)	0.03	−0.50	0.002	−0.80 (−1.49 to −0.11)	0.02
TAPSE	0.27	0.008	0.39 (−1.18 to 1.96)	0.62	0.49	0.003
RV S′	0.33	0.001	0.02 (−0.34 to 0.38)	0.92	0.35	0.04	0.54 (−0.10 to 1.19)	0.09
Peak PASP	−0.55	<0.001	−0.15 (−0.28 to −0.02)	0.02	−0.49	0.002	−0.35 (−0.68 to −0.02)	0.04
RV FAC	0.54	<0.001			0.35	0.03	0.08 (−0.11 to 0.28)	0.38
RV strain	−0.50	<0.001			−0.34	0.05
E	−0.28	0.04			−0.39	0.02
E deceleration time	0.48	<0.001			0.34	0.04
E/A	−0.43	<0.001			−0.26	0.13
e′	0.46	<0.001			0.20	0.24
E/e′	−0.41	<0.001	0.06 (−0.05 to 0.18)	0.28	−0.43	0.008	0.12 (−0.44 to 0.69)	0.66
Left atrial area	−0.40	<0.001			−0.28	0.09
Left atrial volume index	−0.41	<0.001	−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02)	0.16	−0.28	0.09

A, late diastolic filling velocity; β, beta regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; E, peak early diastolic filling velocity; e′, early diastolic mitral annular velocity(septal); EDD, end diastolic diameter; EF, ejection fraction; FAC, fractional area change; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; R, Pearson coefficient; RV, right ventricular; S′, tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VO₂, oxygen uptake.