Table 1.

Self-Reported Mean Scores, Standard Deviations, and Effect Sizes Family Relationships by Adoption Status at Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood

	Adolescence					Young Adulthood
	Adopted		Nonadopted		Cohen’s d	Adopted		Nonadopted		Cohen’s d
	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD	M	SD
Child to mothera
Conflict	2.01	0.7	1.83	0.6	0.29	1.88	0.6	1.77	0.5	0.20
Closeness	3.11	0.5	3.24	0.5	−0.25	3.14	0.6	3.27	0.5	−0.26
Child to fatherb
Conflict	1.91	0.6	1.82	0.5	0.17	1.78	0.5	1.76	0.5	0.04
Closeness	3.05	0.5	3.09	0.6	−0.06	3.07	0.6	3.13	0.5	−0.11
Mother to childc
Conflict	1.86	0.5	1.65	0.5	0.37	1.83	0.5	1.64	0.4	0.39
Closeness	3.48	0.4	3.53	0.3	−0.15	3.29	0.5	3.42	0.4	−0.27
Father to childd
Conflict	1.94	0.5	1.82	0.5	0.23	1.84	0.5	1.77	0.5	0.14
Closeness	3.27	0.4	3.27	0.4	0.00	3.22	0.5	3.24	0.4	−0.04

^aN = 473.

^bN = 467.

^cN = 470.

^dN= 418.