Table 1.
Socio-demographic variables of participants at baseline
| Oxford House (n = 90) |
Therapeutic Community (n = 90) |
Usual Aftercare (n=90) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p | |
| Age | 39.19 (8.97)a | 43.28 (8.64)ab | 38.83 (10.31)b | ** |
| Education (years) | 10.88 (2.45) | 10.79 (1.56) | 11.02 (1.73) | |
| Times treated in past | ||||
| Alcohol abuse | 0.86 (1.97) | 0.49 (2.26) | 0.67 (1.51) | |
| Drugs abuse Length most recent incarceration (months) |
3.28 (2.85) 16.59 (27.58) |
2.76 (3.91) 15.76 (17.47) |
2.81 (3.32) 14.03 (14.57) |
|
| Times incarcerated | 9.56 (14.17) | 10.80 (21.85) | 9.34 (15.26) | |
| Days since release from incarceration | 157.31 (121.27) | 147.07 (125.63) | 128.93 (112.23) | |
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | p | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Black/African American | 68.9 (62) | 78.9 (71) | 74.4 (67) | |
| White/Caucasian | 24.4 (22) | 14.4 (13) | 24.4 (22) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 3.3 (3) | 5.6 (5) | 1.1 (1) | |
| Other | 3.3 (3) | 1.1 (1) | 0.0 (0) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 75.6 (68) | 84.4 (76) | 88.9 (80) | |
| Female | 24.4 (22) | 15.6 (14) | 11.1 (10) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 75.0 (63) | 70.8 (60) | 78.9 (71) | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 20.2 (17) | 21.3 (19) | 13.3 (12) | |
| Married/remarried | 4.8 (4) | 7.9 (7) | 7.8 (7) | |
| Occupation type (past or current) | ||||
| Technicians/Semiprofessionals | 0.0 (0) | 1.1 (1) | 5.6 (5) | |
| Skilled manual workers/Craftsmen | 20.7 (18) | 16.7 (15) | 20.2 (18) | |
| Machine operators/Semiskilled workers | 13.8 (12) | 17.8 (16) | 15.7 (14) | |
| Clerical/Sales workers | 12.6 (11) | 5.6 (5) | 9.0 (8) | |
| Laborers/Menial service workers | 8.0 (7) | 8.9 (8) | 6.7 (6) | |
| Unskilled workers | 42.5 (37) | 46.7 (42) | 37.1 (33) | |
| No occupation/Illegal trade | 2.3 (2) | 3.3 (3) | 5.6 (5) | |
| Main substance of choice | ||||
| Heroin/opiates | 44.8 (39) | 44.4 (40) | 40.0 (36) | |
| Crack/cocaine | 31.0 (27) | 28.9 (26) | 26.7 (24) | |
| Alcohol | 16.1 (14) | 13.3 (12) | 14.4 (13) | |
| Poly substance | 3.3 (3) | 6.7 (6) | 6.7 (6) | |
| Marijuana | 4.6 (4) | 5.6 (5) | 11.1 (10) | |
| Amphetamine/crystal meth | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 1.1 (1) |
a,b
Significant differences between treatment groups
*
p≤ 0.05
**
p≤ 0.01