. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 27.

Published in final edited form as: Front Biol (Beijing). 2010 Aug;5(4):304–323. doi: 10.1007/s11515-010-0650-0

Table 2. Summary of epigenetic modifications and their direct effects on gene expression.

epigenetic modification	target	direct effect on gene expression
DNA methylation	CpG dinucleotides	repression
DNA methylation	H3 (K4, K36, K79)	activation
histone methylation	H3 (K9, K27), H4 (K20)	repression
histone methylation	H3 (R17, R23), H4 (R3)	activation
histone acetylation	H3 (K9, K14, K18, K56), H4 (K5, K8, K13, K16)	activation
microRNA	mRNA	repression