Curcumin inhibits mTORC1 signaling independently of TSC. A, Rh1 cells were exposed to curcumin (0–40 μmol/L) for 2 h, followed by stimulation with IGF-I (10 ng/mL) for 1 h. TSC2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) from the cell lysates, followed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. B, MEF/TSC2−/− and wt cells were exposed to curcumin (0–50 μmol/L) for 2 h, followed by stimulation with IGF-I (10 ng/mL) for 1 h. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis using the indicated antibodies.