Table I.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects
| Schizophrenia Patients (N = 26) | Patient Relatives (N = 14) | Community Controls (N = 30) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
|
| ||||||
|
Demographic Measures
| ||||||
| Age (Years)a | 33.38 | 9.0 | 39.6 | 11.8 | 29.3 | 9.0 |
| Current socioeconomic statusb | 35.5 | 15.1 | 47.9 | 21.3 | 44.8 | 18.4 |
| Years of educationb | 14.1 | 1.9 | 14.9 | 2.4 | 15.3 | 2.6 |
|
|
||||||
| Handedness (Non-dextral/Dextral)b | 1/26 | 4/10 | 2/28 | |||
|
|
||||||
| Gender (Male/Female)a | 19/7 | 5/9 | 24/6 | |||
|
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|
DM performancea,c
| ||||||
| Percent correct | 68.1 | 6.1 | 69.0 | 6.8 | 70.6 | 7.1 |
|
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|
Morphometric Measures (cm3)b
| ||||||
| Brain Volume | 1,421.81 | 141.62 | 1,324.44 | 151.57 | 1,427.77 | 141.55 |
| Left Hippocampal Volume | 4.41878 | .299180 | 4.66667 | .223482 | 4.58492 | .298868 |
| Right Hippocampal Volume | 4.23789 | .312493 | 4.43973 | .177229 | 4.45449 | .287219 |
|
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|
Diagnostic Measures
| ||||||
| Duration of illness (Years)b | 9.92 | 8.39 | ||||
| BPRS total scoreb | 38.13 | 9.25 | ||||
| Withdrawalc | 1.7 | .70 | ||||
| Thinking disorderc | 1.6 | .72 | ||||
Patient relatives differed in age and gender with community controls and patients. Post-scan memory performance differed between patients and controls.
Handedness was estimated from a modified version of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [Oldfield, 1971] where participants with a laterality quotient of >0.7 were defined as dextral. Handedness Information was missing for one patient and one control. Current social economic status was derived from the Total Socioeconomic Index (TSEI; [Stevens and Cho, 1985]). Data for socioeconomic status and years of education was unavailable for 5 subjects, duration of illness data for 1 subject, BPRS scores for 3 subjects, and volumetric data for 1 subject.
BPRS scores were clustered into withdrawal (negative symptoms) and thinking disorder (positive symptoms) factor scores (Burger et al., 1997; Narr et al., 2009).