Table 2. Echocardiographic measurements.
| Parameter | Controls (n = 18) | HTDD− (n = 38) | HTDD+ (n = 56) |
| 2D guided M-mode EF, % | 65.89 ± 7.99 | 66.21 ± 5.96 | 68.66 ± 8.17 |
| EF Simpson, % | 67.61 ± 5.6 | 66.45 ± 4.8 | 64.53 ± 7.03 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 71.4 ± 2 | 68.8 ± 17.9 | 63.7 ± 18.8 |
| ESV, mL | 34.8 ± 12.4 | 34.7 ± 12.0 | 36.9 ± 14.6 |
| EDV, mL | 106.2 ± 30.2 | 103.6 ± 28.2 | 101.7 ± 27.3 |
| LV outflow tract time velocity integral, cm | 23.75 ± 3.98 | 23.55 ± 2.91 | 23.55 ± 4.88 |
| Mitral annulus M-mode excursion, mm | 15.3 ± 2.3 | 15.05 ± 2.26 | 15 ± 2.11 |
| Mitral annulus peak systolic velocity, cm/s | 8.44 ± 1.04 | 7.96 ± 1.06 | 8.12 ± 1.4 |
| LVM, g | 166.2 ± 38 | 196.9 ± 77.6 | 226.4 ± 66.2**,# |
| LVM/BSA, g/m2 | 91.6 ± 14.9 | 106.56 ± 35.9* | 122.7 ± 31**,# |
| LVM/BMI, g × m2/kg | 6.779 ± 1.218 | 7.255 ± 2.608 | 8.253 ± 2.287** |
| LAV, mL | 59.3 ± 18.2 | 63.5 ± 21.2 | 65 ± 21 |
| LAV/BSA, mL/m2 | 32.7 ± 8.5 | 33.7 ± 9.5 | 35.5 ± 10.4 |
| LAV/BMI, mL × m2/kg | 2.45 ± 0.785 | 2.32 ± 0.686 | 2.41 ± 0.829 |
| The mean of the longitudinal LV peak strain, % | −16.5 ± 3.0 | −14.7 ± 2.7* | −14.5 ± 2.0* |
| The mean of the longitudinal LV peak systolic SR, 1/s | −0.9 ± 0.14 | −0.76 ± 0.16** | −0.81 ± 0.12**, # |
| The mean of the longitudinal LV peak early diastolic wave SR, 1/s | 1.12 ± 0.22 | 0.97 ± 0.2*,## | 0.84 ± 0.16**, |
| Mean atrial contraction period SR, 1/s | −2.89 ± 0.65 | −2.4 ± 0.59* | −2.45 ± 0.54* |
| Mean atrial reservoir period SR, 1/s | 1.95 ± 0.39 | 1.53 ± 0.42** | 1.55 ± 0.35** |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. the HTDD− group. BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; EDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; ESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LAV: left atrial volume; LV: left ventricle; LVM: left ventricular mass; SR: strain rate.