Table 2.
Preclinical studies of combined gene therapy using multicistronic vectors
| Pathology | Therapeutic genes | Animal model | IRES | Vector type | Ref. |
| Cancers | |||||
| Fibrosarcoma | CD70 + CD80 | Mouse | EMCV | Retrovirus | Couderc et al[2], 1998 |
| Melanoma | Angio-endo fusion | Mouse | None (fusion) | Retrovirus | Scappaticci et al[79], 2001 |
| Multiple myeloma | IL12 subunits + CD80 | Mouse | EMCV + FMDV | Retrovirus | Wen et al[69], 2001; Li et al[67], 2003 |
| Melanoma | CD70 + CD80 | Mouse | EMCV, c-myc, FGF2, HTLV1 | Retrovirus | Douin et al[63], 2004 |
| Ovarian cancer | Angiostatin + endostatin | Mouse | EMCV | AAV | Isayeva et al[66], 2005 |
| Head and neck cancer | Angio-endo fusion | Mouse | None (fusion) | Vaccinia virus | Tysome et al[80], 2011 |
| Pancreas cancer | CXCL4L1 + fibstatin | Mouse | FGF1 | AAV, Lentivector | Prats et al[68], 2013 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Limb ischemia | FGF2 + Cyr 61 | Mouse | FGF1 | Plasmid | Rayssac et al[10], 2009 |
| Limb ischemia | VEGFA + BMP7 | Rabbit | EMCV | AAV | Zhang et al[65], 2010 |
| Limb ischemia | VEGFA + FGF4 | Mouse | EMCV | AAV | Jazwa et al[64], 2013 |
| Heart ischemia | Gata4 + Mef2C + Tbx5 | Rat | None (2A element) | Lentivector | Mathison et al[75], 2014 |
| Neurodegenerative diseases | |||||
| Parkinson | TH + AADC + CH1 | Rat | EMCV | Lentivector | Azzouz et al[73], 2002 |
| Stewart et al[74], 2011 | |||||
| AMD | Angiostatin + endostatin | Mouse | EMCV | Lentivector | Kachi et al[70], 2009 |
BMP7: Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Gata4: GATA binding protein 4; Mef2C: Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Tbx5: T-box transcription factor 5; TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase; AADC: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; CH1: GTP cyclohydrolase-1; AMD: Age-related macular degeneration.