. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Atten Disord. 2012 Dec 12;20(1):43–52. doi: 10.1177/1087054712466915

Table 4.

External Validation: Five Profiles

	Low control	High surgency	Low neuroticism	High agreeableness	High negative affect
%ADHD	80	79	44	35	100^***
%ADHD-C	33	37	27	6	40
%ADHD-PHI	47	42	12	12	60
%ADHD-PI	0	0	6	18	0^***
%ADHD-RI	0	0	4	6	0
P inattention	12.6 (6.39)	14.79 (8.19)	9.26 (7.34)	9 (9.05)	9.5 (9.29)^*
P hyper-imp	18.67 (6.14)^a,^c,^d	18.16 (7.9)^b,^c,^d	11.42 (7.78)^a,^b,^c	8.06 (7.49)^a,^b,^d	14.75 (10.37)^***
P ODD	10.73 (7.52)	10.53 (8.41)	6.88 (5.83)	5.65 (4.7)	7.5 (5.26)^*
T inattention	17.33 (7.06)	14.5 (4.51)	10.3 (8.58)	9.1 (10.73)	24.5 (3.54)^*
T hyper-imp	17.33 (6.41)^a	17.25 (6.34)^b	9.96 (8.32)	7.1 (6.33)^a,^b	25 (2.83)^***
T ODD	1 1.5 (6.83)^a	12.75 (9.86)^b	5.78 (5.8)^a,^b	3.1 (3.33)^a,^b	14 (0)^***
P anxiety/depression	4 (0.64)	4.84 (0.57)^a,^b,^c	2.9 (0.35)^a,^b	2.71 (0.6)^a,^c	10 (1.2)^***
P aggression	20.67 (2.14)^a,^c,^d	18.58 (1.9)^b,^c,^d	10.7 (1.17) ^a,^b,^c	9.53 (2.01)^a,^b,^d	19.25 (4.15)^***
P PDD	6.47 (0.84)^a,^c,^d	7.11 (0.75)^b,^c,^d	4.08 (0.46)^a,^b,^c	4.06 (0.79)^a,^b,^d	10.5 (1.63)^***
T anxiety/depression	2.33 (1.53)	3.5 (0.71)	2.67 (2.64)	5.17 (5.81)	1.5 (2.12)
T aggression	11.33 (6.66)^a	39 (8.49)^a,^b,^c,^d	13.08 (11.78)^b,^c	6.33 (5.47)^b,^d	19 (1.41)^**
T PDD	4 (1.73)	14.5 (0.71)	4.75 (4.41)	5.83 (6.31)	7 (4.24)
Response inhibition	0.43 (0.45)^a,^c	0.54 (0.32)^b	0.75 (0.34)^a,^b	0.76 (0.37)^a,^c	1.04 (0.53)^***
Set-shifting	74.49 (43.23)^a	75.34 (41.54)^b	36.45 (35.79)^a,^b	46.75 (40.7)^a,^b	44.67 (31.32)^***
Working memory	1.07 (2.17)	0.18 (0.71 )^a,^b,^c	1.91 (2.27)^a,^b	2 (2.47)^a,^c	2 (2.83)^**
Change in inattention	2-2.5	3.8-5.8	2.73-3.2	3.1-4.1	4-0
Change in hyper-imp	7-7	7.4-7.8^a,^b	4.07-4.4^a,^b,^c	4.2-3.9^a,^c	8-0^***
Change in ODD	6-3	5.2-5.4^b	3.33-2.27^b	3.4-2.8	6-0^***
Change in CD	3-2	1.8-2	1.13-1.07	0.8-1.8	0-0

Note: ADHD-C = ADHD-combined subtype; ADHD-PHI = ADHD-predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype; ADHD-PI = ADHD-predominantly inattentive subtype; ADHD-RI = ADHD-Inattentive (restrictive) presentation; P = parent-rated; T = teacher-rated; hyper-imp = hyperactivity-impulsivity; ODD = oppositional-defiant disorder; PDD = pervasive developmental disorder; CD = conduct disorder Like superscripts indicate significant differences on least significance difference (LSD) post hoc comparisons.

p < .01.

^**

p < .05.

^***

p < .01 based on chi-square or GLM.