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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Nov;66(11):3062–3072. doi: 10.1002/art.38780

Figure 1. Overview of the multistep approach used to develop an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA) using cartilage derived from murine iPSCs.

Figure 1

iPSCs were first differentiated in micromasses and then purified based on a collagen type II-GFP reporter. Purified cells were expanded and then cultured as pellets to produce a robust cartilaginous matrix. As a model of OA, iPSC-derived cartilage was cultured with interleukin-1α to create a reproducible degenerative response. Native mouse cartilage served as a control to ensure that the breakdown of iPSC cartilage was consistent with an OA phenotype. After validating the model, pellet formation, culture, and analyses were adapted to a 96-well plate system so that candidate OA therapeutics could be screened efficiently. CM: chondrogenic medium, BMP-4: bone morphogenetic protein 4, bFGF: basic fibroblastic growth factor, TGF-β3: transforming growth factor beta 3, dex: dexamethasone.