Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Learn Individ Differ. 2015 Jan 1;37:27–37. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2014.11.009

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics (N = 157*)

Variable Mean (SD) Min-Max
Kindergarten Predictors
  Word Reading
    WJ-III Letter Word Identification -raw 22.95 (6.54) 13 – 44
    WJ-III Letter Word Identification -SS 106.87 (12.95) 80 – 142
    WJ-III Word Attack -raw 6.67 (3.82) 2 – 21
    WJ-III Word Attack – SS 110.61 (12.05) 78 – 149
    TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency** 15.43 (12.87) 0 – 62
  Spelling
    WJ-III Spelling -raw 15.97 (3.24) 10 – 26
    WJ-III Spelling -SS 103.84 (12.64) 72 – 134
    Sight words -raw 16.96 (5.92) 0 – 30
    Decodable real words -raw 18.28 (5.88) 0 – 30
Oral Language
    WJ-III Picture Vocabulary -raw 16.18 (2.91) 1 – 25
    WJ-III Picture Vocabulary – SS 99.64 (10.64) 30 – 128
    KBIT Vocabulary -raw 25.85 (6.19) 8 – 46
    KBIT Vocabulary – SS 92.92 (12.26) 59 – 125
    TOLD Sentence Imitation -raw 8.03 (5.43) 1 – 26
    TOLD Sentence Imitation – SS 8.14 (2.83) 2 – 18
    TOLD Grammatic Completion -raw 6.16 (5.02) 0 – 19
    TOLD Grammatic Completion -SS 7.37 (2.78) 1 – 14
  Letter Writing Automaticity 9.90 (4.93) 1 – 24
  SWAN Attention 40.32 (12.90) 9 – 63
Writing in Third Grade (raw scores)
  Writing Quality
    Narrative prompt: Idea development 4.52 (.99) 1 – 7
    Narrative prompt: Organization 3.52 (.86) 1 – 6
    WIAT-III prompt: Idea development 3.94 (.88) 2 – 6
    WIAT-III prompt: Organization 3.32 (.95) 2 – 6
    Pet prompt*: Idea development 3.79 (.74) 2 – 6
    Pet prompt: Organization 2.93 (.70) 2 – 5

Note: SS = Standard score

WJ-III = Woodcock Johnson-III; TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; TOLD = Test of Language Development; WIAT-III = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Third Edition

*

Sample size for the Pet prompt was 138.

**

Standard Scores are not available for the TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency.