Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristics | All (n=217) | Bereaved (n=89) | Nonbereaved (n=128) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CG age, mean (SD) | 61.8 (10.78) | 62.6 (11.29) | 61.2 (10.42) | 0.365 |
| CR age, mean (SD) | 82.8 (9.23) | 84.1 (8.78) | 82.0 (9.47) | 0.092 |
| CG gender | ||||
| Women, No. (%) | 163 (75.1) | 60 (67.4) | 103 (80.5) | 0.029 |
| Men, No. (%) | 54 (24.9) | 29 (32.6) | 25 (19.5) | |
| CR gender | ||||
| Women, No. (%) | 136 (62.7) | 53 (59.6) | 83 (64.8) | 0.428 |
| Men, No. (%) | 81 (37.3) | 36 (40.4) | 45 (35.2) | |
| CG race | ||||
| Non African American, No. (%) | 195 (89.9) | 78 (87.6) | 117 (91.4) | 0.366 |
| African American, No. (%) | 22 (10.1) | 11 (12.4) | 11 (8.6) | |
| CG education | ||||
| High school or less, No. (%) | 64 (29.5) | 30 (33.7) | 34 (26.6) | .256 |
| More than high school, No. (%) | 153 (70.5) | 59 (66.3) | 94 (73.4) | |
| CG relationship to CR | ||||
| Spouse, No. (%) | 57 (26.3) | 25 (28.1) | 32 (25.0) | 0.209 |
| Adult child, No. (%) | 119 (54.8) | 43 (48.3) | 76 (59.4) | |
| Other, No. (%) | 41 (18.9) | 21 (23.6) | 20 (15.6) | |
| CG depression score,b mean (SD) | 9.5 (7.26) | 9.0 (7.15) | 9.9 (7.34) | 0.380 |
| CR ADL difficulties,c Mean (SD) | 5.8 (1.88) | 6.0 (1.88) | 5.7 (1.87) | 0.252 |
a
P values are based on two group comparisons: Pearson χ2 test for categorical outcomes (presented by number [%]) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests for continuous outcomes (presented by mean and SD).
b
Depression scores are based upon the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (range, 0–30; higher scores indicate more reported depression).
c
Any reported problems with seven ADLs are counted and summed (range, 0–7; higher scores indicate more ADL problems).
ADL, activities of daily living; CG, caregiver; CR, care recipient; SD, standard deviation.