Table 1.
Biologics targeting ligand-receptor pairs involved in non-canonical nuclear factor-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis
| Ligand | Receptor | Biologic | Type of agent | Activity of biologic | Stage of development |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAFF | BAFF-R | Belimumab (Benlysta; Human Genome Sciences/GlaxoSmithKline) | Human BAFF-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II |
| Tabalumab/LY2127399 | Human BAFF-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II | ||
| CD40L | CD40 | BI 655064 | Humanized CD40-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase I in progress |
| - | LTβR | Baminercept | Human LTβR-IgG1 fusion protein | Antagonist | Phase II |
| LTα | LTβR | Patecluzimab | Humanized LTα-specific antibody | Depleting and antagonist | Phase II in progress |
| RANKL | RANK | Denosumab (Prolia/Xgeva; Amgen) | Human RANKL-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II |
BAFF, B cell activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; CD40L, CD40 ligand; Ig, immunoglobulin; LTα, lymphotoxin-α; LTβR, LTβ receptor; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; RANKL, RANK ligand.