Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Sample
| Characteristic | All Study Participants (n=2150) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 51±14 |
| Female, n (%) | 1255 (58) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 1144 (53) |
| African‐American | 998 (47) |
| Other | 8 (0.3) |
| Recruiting center, n (%) | |
| Birmingham, AL | 590 (27) |
| Minneapolis, MN | 426 (20) |
| Salt Lake City, UT | 589 (27) |
| Forsyth County, NC | 545 (25) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 1251 (58) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1310 (61) |
| Obesity | 1021 (47) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 365 (17) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 197 (9) |
| Myocardial infarction | 131 (6) |
| Transient ischemic attack or stroke | 97 (5) |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | |
| 0 | 304 (14) |
| 1 | 517 (24) |
| 2 | 585 (27) |
| 3 | 452 (21) |
| 4 | 226 (11) |
| 5+ | 66 (3) |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| Anti‐hypertensive medication | 1095 (51) |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor | 444 (21) |
| Alpha blocker | 168 (8) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 54 (3) |
| Beta‐blocker | 275 (13) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 488 (23) |
| Loop diuretic | 141 (7) |
| Thiazide diuretic | 275 (13) |
| Hypoglycemic medication | 226 (11) |
| Insulin | 85 (4) |
| Lipid lowering medication | 197 (9) |
| Statin | 174 (8) |
| Physical examination | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127±21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72±11 |
| Body‐mass index, kg/m2 | 31±7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 102±17 |
| Laboratory data | |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 142±3 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.98±0.32 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 85±20 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 106±43 |
| Total serum cholesterol, mg/dL | 196±39 |
| High density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 51±15 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 119±34 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 140±98 |