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. 2014 Jun 3;3(3):e000716. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000716

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© 2014 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Figure 1. — PKA, PKCα, and CaMK_IIδ treatment effect on diastolic stiffness mediated by titin phosphorylation. A‐A1. Titin N2B domain serine 469 PKΑ‐dependent phosphorylation. Typical example of the 2 titin isoforms (upper band: N2BA; lower band N2B) immunostained with phosphospecific antibody against serine 469 site on titin N2B domain and the corresponding Ponceau S staining for total titin (n_Don=7, n_PAH=5). A2. Donor and PAH cardiomyocyte stiffness was measured in relaxing solution at increasing sarcomere length (1.8 to 2.4 μm)—continuous line. The same cardiomyocyte was further incubated with PKA active subunit and stiffness measurements were repeated—dotted line (n_Don=4, n_PAH=4). B‐B1. Titin PEVK domain serine 170 PKCα‐dependent phosphorylation. Typical example of the 2 titin isoforms (upper band: N2BA; lower band N2B) immunostained with phosphospecific antibody against serine 170 site on titin PEVK domain and the corresponding Ponceau S staining for total titin (n_Don=7, n_PAH=5). B2.Titin PEVK domain serine 26 PKCα‐dependent phosphorylation. Typical example of the 2 titin isoforms (upper band: N2BA; lower band N2B) immunostained with phosphospecific antibody against serine 26 site on titin PEVK domain and the corresponding Ponceau S staining for total titin (n_Don=7, n_PAH=5). B3. Donor and PAH cardiomyocyte stiffness was measured in relaxing solution at increasing sarcomere length (1.8 to 2.4 μm)—continuous line. The same cardiomyocyte was further incubated with PKCα active subunit and stiffness measurements were repeated—dotted line (n_Don=3, n_PAH=3). C‐C1. Phospholamban threonine 17 CamK_IIδ‐dependent phosphorylation was used as an indirect measurement of titin CamK_IIδ phosphorylation. The phosphorylation level was normalized to the total amount of Phospholamban present in the sample (n_Don=7, n_PAH=11). C2. Donor and PAH cardiomyocyte stiffness was measured in relaxing solution at increasing sarcomere length (1.8 to 2.4 μm)—continuous line. The same cardiomyocyte was further incubated with CamK_IIδ and stiffness measurements were repeated—dotted line (n_Don=3, n_PAH=3). Data presented as mean±SEM. CamKIIδ indicates calmoduling‐dependent‐kinase; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PKA, protein‐kinase‐A; PLN, phospholamban.